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J Med Oncl Ther 2017 | Volume 2 Issue 4
Oncology and Biomarkers Summit
November 27-28, 2017 | Atlanta, USA
Annual Congress on
C
ancer is a fatal human disease capable of spreading
throughout the body extremely fast. As of now, early
diagnosis of cancer is the most effective method to prevent
cancer development and devise the most efficient and
effective treatments. Therefore, early diagnosis is critical to
achieving higher survival rates for patients. Many traditional
diagnostic methods for cancer are still inadequate for early,
convenient, accurate and noninvasive diagnosis. Specifically,
glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common primary
malignant brain tumor, which the five-year survival rate is
only 0.05% to 4.7%. Thus, the need to find more effective
biomarkers is paramount in insuring early discovery and
effective treatments for patients. Recently, there have been
reports that indicate the possibility of micro RNAs (miRNAs)
as potential biomarkers for cancers. In this study, we
attempt to answer two questions like: Could the exosomal
miR-21 be used as a universal biomarker for cancer? We
used the Meta-analysis method to evaluate ten studies
involving 318 patients and 215 healthy controls. In all, the
analysis covered ten types of cancers. In addition, we also
examined and evaluated many other common issues with
biomarkers, including cutoff points, internal controls and
detection methods. This initial meta-analysis indicates that
the exosomal miR-21 from body fluids has a strong potential
to be used as a universal biomarker to identify cancers. As a
continuation from the first question, we also consider; Could
we find any miRNA biomarkers specifically for the diagnosis
of GBM? In order to predict GBM related miRNAs and their
targets, we used a bioinformatics algorism, the relative
R-squared method (RRSM), to analyze the miRNA and mRNA
expression profiles and motif complementary sequences.
Then, real-time PCR was used to confirm the predicted
miRNA candidates in human GBM tissues and cancer cell
lines. Furthermore, we used bioinformatics methods and
molecular techniques to analyze the related gene expression
and regulatory pathways. The results of these studies indicate
that variations in miRNA expression have been observed in
cancer tissues and biological fluids. The fact that some highly
stable miRNAs circulate in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) of both healthy individuals and diagnosed patients
has raised the possibility that miRNAs may serve as novel
diagnostic markers. Also, increased understanding of
the interaction between miRNAs and mRNAs involved in
GBM progression may lead to the discovery of predictive
biomarkers, some of which are clinically relevant for targeted
therapy and predicting prognosis. However, as this field is
in the beginning, some different studies have conflicting
results. In order to make more progress in the field, there is
still a need to combine different advanced techniques, such
as bioinformatics methods and other molecular and cellular
techniques.
e:
jian.shi@ucsf.eduMiRNAs as potential biomarkers for human glioblastoma
Jian Shi
University of California, San Francisco, USA