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Biol Med Case Rep 2017 | Volume 1 Issue 2
November 06-07, 2017 | New Orleans, USA
Nanomedicine & Healthcare
Global Meet on
N
ano-encapsulation of drugs involves formation of drug
loaded particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 1000
nm. Nanospheres have a matrix type structure with drugs
being absorbed either at the sphere surface or encapsulated
within the particle. Nano-capsules are vesicular systems
in which the drug is confined to a cavity consisting of an
inner liquid core surrounded by a polymeric membrane. In
this case, the active substances are usually dissolved in the
inner core, but may also be adsorbed to the capsule surface.
Nano-encapsulation of drugs increases their efficacy,
specificity and targeting ability and protect their payload
from premature degradation in the biological environment,
enhance bioavailability, and prolong presence in blood
and cellular uptake. Peptide drugs are attracting increasing
interest now-days with better understanding of their role in
physiopathology, as well as progress in biotechnology and
biochemical synthesis. However, the use of peptides and
proteins in medicine has been limited by low bioavailability,
which results from their poor stability to proteolytic and
hydrolytic degradation, low permeability across barriers,
and short biologic half-life in the circulatory system. Most
therapeutic peptides are still, being administered by the
parenteral route because of insufficient absorption from
the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Bioavailability of drug is
defined as a measurement of the extent of a therapeutically
active component that reaches the systemic circulation
and is available at the site of action. It is one of the
key pharmacokinetic properties of a phytochemical or
drug. Phytochemicals with health benefits, such as plant
polyphenols (that is, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin
gallate, and so on) and carotenoids (that is, lycopene,
β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, and so on), have received
much attention from the scientific community, consumers,
and food manufacturers because they can be used to
lower blood pressure, reduce cancer risk factors, regulate
digestive tract system, strengthen immune systems, regulate
growth, sugar concentration in blood, lower cholesterol
levels, and serve as antioxidant agents. Although, the use
of polyphenols in capsules and tablets is abundant, their
biological effects are frequently diminished or even lost due
to incomplete absorption and first-pass metabolism. Overall,
the therapeutic use of drug molecule is limited due to poor
solubility, poor permeability, instability and extensive first
past metabolism before reaching the systemic circulation.
Many researchers have attempted to improve its solubility
by adding non-polar solvents (DMSO), synthesis of water
soluble derivative and complexation with cyclodextrin and
liposomes. However, the encapsulation of drug molecule
on suitable nano-carriers is one of the promising ways to
circumvent these problems. Hence, the present work focuses
on various nano-encapsulation strategies for successful
targeted drug delivery.
e:
kgnathan27@rediffmail.comNanoencapsulation of bioactive metabolites of local medicinal plants for effective drug delivery and its
efficacy test using laboratory animal models
K Gurunathan
and
N Suganthy
Alagappa University, India