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allied
academies
Cell Science, Stem Cell Research &
Pharmacological Regenerative Medicine
November 29-30, 2017 | Atlanta, USA
Annual Congress on
Adv cel sci tissue cul 2017 | Volume 1 Issue 2
Histopathological changes in male Wistar rats maintained on a water-based
Sutherlandia
frutescencs
extract
Nicolas John Wickens
Nelson Mandela University, South Africa
I
n this study, a standardized 46-week chronic drinking water
toxicity protocol was used to elucidate the toxic potential of
Sutherlandia frutescens
using histopathologic, morphometric
and transmission electron microscopic analysis. In this
study, the histopathologic changes in the duodenum, heart,
kidney, liver, lung, pancreas and spleen of male Wistar rats
was evaluated. Fifty-four rats were randomly divided into
four groups: Group 1–Normal diet control (ND control), n=7,
Group 2–Normal diet + plant extract (ND+p), n=9, Group 3–
High fat diet control (HFD control), n=19. Group 4–High fat
diet + p (HFD + p), n=19. In the high fat group male Wistar
rats were fed ±55 g/day of a specialized high fat diet over
a 46-week period to induce obesity and an insulin resistant
state. The treatment groups (groups 2 and 4) received a dose
concentration of a tea extract of the
S. frutescens
plant in their
drinking water daily. This study showed that the consumption
of
S. frutescens
significantly reduces weight gain per week in
male Wistar rats on a chronic high fat diet (p≤0.001 vs. HFD
control group).
S. frutescens
appears to propagate periportal
and centrilobular glycogen storage in rat hepatocytes in
the experimental groups as exemplified by a significantly
(p≤0.0001 vs. control groups) increased incidences of
Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) positive staining.
S. frutescens
also
reduced intracellular lipid accumulation as made evident
by the significantly lower incidence of epicardial adipose
tissue (EAT), hepatic steatosis and pancreatic interstitial fat.
Obesity was associated with increased fibrotic lesions such
as myocardial perivascular fibrosis, centrilobular hepatic
fibrosis and pancreatic periductal fibrosis. In this study,
pulmonary infection was equally prevalent in all rats. Despite
the complex histopathology in all groups’ unique histopathology
such as a conservative PMNL infiltration, substantial intra-
alveolar oedema and focal arterial wall hypertrophy in the
control groups was highly suggestive of Sendai viral infection.
However, histopathologic evidence in the treatment groups,
suggested chronic recurrent viral infection with superimposed
Mycoplasma pulmonis
bacterial infection. The impact of
advanced suppurative pulmonary infection was widespread
and exemplified by increased lesion incidences of spontaneous
murine progressive cardiomyopathy (MCP) and spontaneous
chronic progressive nephropathy (CPN) among others. In
conclusion,
S. frutescens
administered for 46 weeks to male
Wistar rats significantly lowered intracellular lipid accumulation
and obesity associated myocardial, renal, hepatobiliary,
pulmonary andpancreatic histopathology.Moreover, duodenal,
cardiovascular, hepatobiliary, pulmonary, renal, pancreatic and
splenic tissue did not show histopathologic evidence of direct
plant extract associated carcinogenicity or toxicity.
Speaker Biography
Nicolas JohnWickens has completed his Doctorate from the NelsonMandela University
in South Africa. He is a Lecturer of Pathology and Histology in the Department of
Medical Laboratory Sciences in the Faculty of Health Sciences. After his pre-med
studies at the University of Stellenbosch, he went on to complete a Master’s degree in
Medical Laboratory Sciences at the Nelson Mandela University, where he was offered
a post as Lecturer in the department. During his Doctorate studies, he investigated
the histopathology found in male Wistar rats after chronic consumption of an extract
of the plant
Sutherlandia frutescencs
which is used in South Africa by the indigenous
people to lower blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes.
e:
nwickens@nmmu.ac.za