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Biotechnology Congress 2018 & Emerging Materials 2018
Biomedical Research
|
ISSN: 0976-1683
|
Volume 29
S e p t e m b e r 0 6 - 0 7 , 2 0 1 8 | B a n g k o k , T h a i l a n d
allied
academies
Joint Event on
EMERGING MATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY
BIOTECHNOLOGY
&
Annual Congress on
Global Congress on
Biomed Res 2018, Volume 29 | DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C4-011
CAVITATION: A TECHNOLOGICAL
SOLUTION FOR THE GENERATION
OF PHARMACEUTICAL NANO-
EMULSIONS AND FUNCTIONALISED
CARBON NANOMATERIALS
Sivakumar Manickam
University of Nottingham, Malaysia
A
n increasing number of newly developed drugs are
sparingly soluble in water and are often also insoluble in
organic solvents, and thus the formulation of these drugs is
a key impediment to their clinical application. Owing to their
exceedingly low solubility, these drugs frequently also possess
poor bioavailability. Common ways of solving this problem
include the use of solubilizers, cyclodextrins, and mixtures of
solvents. But these methods have various shortcomings. An
alternative in attempts to overcome the obstacles existing with
these methods is the formulation of drugs as nanoemulsions
induced by simple processing as any new simple process
technology in the generation of nanoemulsions will have
direct impact and great promise for the future of cosmetics,
diagnostics, drug therapies and biotechnologies. Cavitation
offers a simple way to generate various pharmaceutical
nanoemulsions. Besides nanoemulsions, cavitation is also
very powerful in the generation of functionalised carbon
nanomaterials tobeemployedpotentially in thepharmaceutical
area. Where, cavitation seems to be promising in terms of
reducing the time, avoiding the use of toxic or complicated
agents, reducing the number of stabilisers/surfactants and
reducing the separation/purification problems. In case of
graphene, it results in an exceptionally stable dispersion.
Whereas, for CNTs cavitation renders them dispersing into
water and stabilised them longer. For fullerene, it enhances
the number of hydroxyl groups on the surface which in
turn increased the solubility in water. Overall, employing
cavitation provides a facile strategy to overcome the inherent
disadvantages existing with the traditional methods in the
generation of nanoemulsions and in the functionalisation and
dispersion of carbon nanomaterials, the resultant of which are
very useful in drug delivery and in biosensing.
IMPROVEMENT OF MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF CAST ZA-27
TREATED WITH ADDITION OF
NANO ZINC OXIDE
Mohamed Ahmed AbdelKawy
and
Abdulslam K
Almuhamady
CMRDI, Egypt
A
n investigation has been carried out on making and
characterization of ZA-27 alloy treated with zinc
oxide nanoparticles. This was aimed at developing high
performance ZA-27 alloy with low density. The particle
size and morphology of the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles
were investigated by Transmission Electron Microscope
(TEM) and the elemental composition was obtained from
Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) attached to TEM and
x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). ZA-27 nano alloy
samples were developed using 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 wt% of
ZnO nanoparticles by induction furnace casting technique.
Mechanical properties and Microstructural examination were
used to characterize the composite samples produced. The
results show that hardness and ultimate tensile strength of the
composite samples increased progressively with increase in
weight percentage of ZnO nanoparticles. Increase in ultimate
tensile strength (UTS) of 10.2%, 21.1%, 22.3%, 35.5%, 33.4%
and increase in hardness value of 8.2%, 14.8%, 21.7%, 27.9%,
27.1% were observed for Zn -27 alloy treated with 1 wt%, 2
wt%, 3 wt%, 4 wt%, and 5 wt% ZnO nanoparticles respectively
in comparison with untreated alloy. It was generally observed
that alloy containing 4 wt% of treated has the highest tensile
strength and hardness values. However, the fracture toughness
and percent elongation of the composites samples slightly
decreased with increase in ZnO nanoparticles content. Results
obtained from the Microstructural examination using optical
microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) show
that the nanoparticles were well dispersed in the ZA-27 alloy.