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academies
September 15-16, 2017 | Dallas, USA
International Conference on
VITAMINS, NUTRIGENOMICS & MALNUTRITION
Insights Nutr Metab 2017
Volume 1 Issue 1
I
t has been demonstrated that two major diseases, heart disease and
cancer, are strongly associated with lifestyle behaviors, such as habitual
exercise, alcohol drinking, smoking, and diet. Currently, mental stress (MS)
is considered as one of the heaviest global burdens of diseases. MS is also
proposed to be negatively related to lifestyle behaviors, such as habitual
exercise and higher intake of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins and
minerals; however, little is known about the interactions of MS with lifestyle
behaviors. Here, we investigated the interaction between self-reported MS
(SRMS) and lifestyle factors to diet in a large-scale cross-sectional study,
focusing on habitual exercise among middle-aged Japanesemen and women
who underwent annual health checkups. The subjects included 5,587 men
and 2,718 women. They were divided according to their lifestyle factors,
such as habitual exercise, alcohol drinking, and smoking status. Energy-
adjusted food and nutrient consumption was assessed with a validated
food frequency questionnaire. To estimate food and nutrient consumption,
general linear models were performed for each SRMS level for each lifestyle
factor. First, in women, natto (fermented soybean), “carrots and squash,”
other root vegetables (onions, burdock, lotus root), mushrooms, seaweeds,
other 3 foods, vegetable protein, soluble, insoluble and total dietary fiber,
daidzein, genistein, carotene, retinol equivalents, vitamin B
2
, pantothenic
acid, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and iron significantly
interacted with SRMS levels and habitual exercise (p<0.05). In men, “raw
and green leafy vegetables” and “fruit and vegetable juice” significantly
interacted with SRMS levels and habitual exercise (p<0.05). Second, the
SRMS and drinking status interacted with 11 foods, protein, animal protein,
fat, animal fat, carbohydrate, monounsaturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated
fatty acid (PUFA), n-3 PUFA, n-6 PUFA, cholesterol, vitamin D, B
2
, B
6
and
B
12
, niacin, pantothenic acid, magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc in men
(p<0.05), but not in women. Third, in both men and women, smokers
consumed less vegetables and fruits rich in antioxidants that are believed
to prevent diseases, such as heart disease. Our findings indicated that the
association between SRMS and dietary intake of vegetables and fruits are
modified by habitual exercise, alcohol drinking, and smoking. Similar to the
two major diseases, we must appropriately interpret such interactions for
MS prevention. However, the causal relationship between MS and lifestyle
factors was unidentified because of the study design. Further prospective
studies are warranted to demonstrate the causality of interactions.
Speaker Biography
Kaori Endoh received her BS, MS, and PhD degrees from Kyoritsu Women’s University
in Japan. After conferral of her Doctorate, she worked for the National Institute of
Health and Nutrition in Tokyo and the University of Niigata Prefecture in Japan. Since
2011, she has been working as a research Assistant Professor for the Laboratory of
Public Health in the Department of Nutrition and Life Sciences at the School of Food
and Nutritional Sciences of the University of Shizuoka, Japan. Her current research area
is the study of interactions among mental health and diet in large-scale populations.
After analyzing a cross-sectional study population that included approximately 10,000
middle-aged Japanese men and women, she published three first-authored papers on
the interactions between mental health and lifestyle factors such as habitual exercise,
alcohol drinking, and smoking to diet.
e:
kendoh@u-shizuoka-ken.ac.jpImpact of interactions between self-reported mental stress and habitual exercise on the dietary intake
of Japanese men and women: A large-scale cross-sectional study
Kaori Endoh, Kiyonori Kuriki
and
Toshinao Goda
University of Shizuoka, Japan