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September 15-16, 2017 | Dallas, USA
International Conference on
VITAMINS, NUTRIGENOMICS & MALNUTRITION
Insights Nutr Metab 2017
Volume 1 Issue 1
T
heChukarpartridge(
Alectoris chukar
) is apopular gamebirdthat is closely
related to the red-legged partridge
Alectoris rufa
. Its native distribution
extends from the Balkans to eastern Asia. In Turkey, approximately 152,000
Alectoris chukar
were released by the Ministry of Forestry and Water
Affairs per annum between 2001-2011. Reared breeding of partridges for
hunting purposes and in certain cases for supplementing wild populations
are recognized as an important management tool. However, it is believed
that the “quality” of reared gamebirds is more important than quantity. This
study assessed differences in the composition of antioxidants (carotenoid,
retinol, retinol-ester, vitamin E and coenzyme q
10
) in egg yolks of
Alectoris
chukar
. Wild partridge (
Alectoris chukar
) eggs were collected in 2013-2016,
three eggs from eight different clutches (N = 24 eggs) during the breeding
season (March-April) from the protected Karpaz Region of North Cyprus.
Ten wild eggs were analyzed for antioxidants and 14 eggs were marked and
incubated. Farm egg yolk samples were taken from Gönyeli Shooting and
Hunting Partridge Farm. The farm capacity is 448 females and 168 male
breeders. They were randomly distributed in 56 semi-open houses (4x3 m
2
)
having 8 females and 3 males at each site. All breeders were 35 weeks old
and they were fed a corn and soybean based diet. The eggs of each farm
partridge were taken from ten different houses for antioxidant analyses
and the rest of eggs were marked and incubated. All eggs were hatched
in an artificial incubator under standard condition. Eggs were placed in an
electric incubator with a dry bulb set at 37.2°C and automatic turning at
1 h intervals. Two days before hatching, eggs were transferred to a non-
turning part of the incubator. On the day of hatch, 10 chicks from wild
and 10 randomly chosen chicks of farm origin were sacrificed by cervical
dislocation. Chick tissues were dissected then transferred to a freezer
(−56°C) until antioxidant analyses in the laboratory. This study was approved
by the YYU Animal Ethics Committee (2016/09 decision number). Fat soluble
antioxidant concentrations in egg yolks were determined by HPLC. Egg yolk
fat soluble antioxidant concentrations of wild and farm-reared chukar was
presented. These results showed that total carotenoid, total vitamin E,
retinol and alpha-tocopherol in egg yolk were significantly higher in the wild
partridges egg yolk (p<0.05). However, gamma-tocopherol, delta tocopherol
and coenzyme Q10 were not significantly different in the eggs of either
type of partridge (p>0.05). Individual carotenoid percentage of wild egg
yolk was 4.54% unknown carotenoids, 87.43% (zeaxanthin + lutein), 0.64%
β-cryptoxanthin and 7.39% β-carotene of total carotenoids, respectively.
The percentage carotenoid profile for farmed partridge egg yolk was as
follows: individual carotenoid percentage of total carotenoids in farmed
egg yolk was close to that in farm feed with 96.80% (zeaxanthin + lutein)
and 3.20% for unknown carotenes. Only β-carotene was not identified in
egg yolk from farmed birds. These findings imply that the concentrations of
fat soluble antioxidants in the eggs of reared Chukar partridges need to be
revised and maternal access to antioxidants in the diet need to be increased.
Speaker Biography
Dr. Filiz Karadas is currently working in Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey.
e:
fkaradas@yyu.edu.trA comparison of fat-soluble antioxidants in wild and farm-reared egg yolk of chukar partridges
(
Alectoris Chukar
)
Filiz Karadas
1
, Anders Pape Møller
2
and
Mehmet Reşit Karakeçili
1
1
Yuzuncu Yil University, Turkey
2
Université Paris-Sud, Orsay Cedex, France