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Page 22
Journal of Biomedical Research | ISSN: 0976-1683 | Volume 30
allied
academies
March 14-15, 2019 | London, UK
T issue Engineer ing, Stem Cel ls and Regenerat ive Medicine
Cel l and Gene Therapy
World Congress on
International Conference on
&
Joint Event
Notes:
R
egenerative medicine and tissue engineering (TE),
combines key elements such as biomaterials, stem cells and
bioactive agents (e.g. growth factors), in parallel with recent
biotechnological advances. A constant and reliable source of
autologous stem cells with pluripotent potential and readily
available will be required for these future cell-based. Bone
marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have been extensively studied
but clinical application of these cells has presented problems
including low cell number upon harvest, pain and morbidity
to the donor. Adipose tissue is derived from the mesenchyme
and contains an easily isolated supportive stroma containing
stem cells, microvascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle
cells. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) isolated from
adipose tissue are isolated with ease and in large amounts.
Stem cells have two major characteristics of self-renewal and
differentiation into one or more types of specialized cells. These
cells are now being used to treat several degenerative diseases
due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types.
Photobiomodulation (PBM) or low intensity laser irradiation
(LILI) can positively affect human ADSCs by increasing
cellular proliferation, viability and protein expression. These
characteristics improves their potential in TE applications as
the initial cell number could be increased before commencing
differentiation leading to a higher yield of differentiated cells.
Photobiomodulation at different intensities has been shown
to inhibit as well as stimulate cellular processes. Studies on
photobiomodulation and stem cells have shown that low-level
lasers increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and
migration. Photobiomodulation also promote the proliferation
of rat mesenchymal bone marrow and cardiac stem cells
in
vitro
and can thus be used to stimulate the
in vitro
production
of higher stem cell numbers. The addition of specific growth
factors could enhance the differentiation of the stem cells into
different cell types that could, in turn, be used in TE applications
and reconstructive surgery. However, to be effective for use
in TE, certain criteria need to be met including that the cells
of interest must be at high concentrations, harvested easily
and be multipotent while being able to differentiate into the
required tissue and then transplanted safely and effectively
back into a host. The potential augmentation of low intensity
laser irradiation on ADSCs to differentiate into smooth muscle
cells (SMCs) with the view of using as therapeutic modality in
regenerative medicine has been the key focus of our research.
The effect of different wavelengths of irradiation, as well as
different fluences were used to identify laser parameters
affecting viability and proliferation of ADSCs. Throughout
the project, suitably recognized stem cell markers were used
to characterize and confirm stem cells as well as potential
differentiation. In addition, dose responses were performed
to determine suitable growth factors and concentrations that
would induce differentiation. Our results confirm that laser
irradiation induce increased viability and proliferation as well
as improve the differentiation potential of ADSCs. Methodology
used include, ATP content and optical density, flow cytometry,
fluorescencemicroscopy and real-time quantitative polymerase
chain reaction RT- qPCR profiles. This further highlights the
significant role that LILI has to offer in the use of ADSC therapy
in regenerative medicine.
Speaker Biography
Heidi Abrahamse is currently the director of the laser research centre, University of
Johannesburg and Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation
SARChI chair for laser applications in health. Her research interests include photobiology
and photochemistry with specific reference to photodynamic cancer therapy, stem cell
differentiation and wound healing. She has supervised 40 masters; 15 doctorates and
12 post-doctorate fellows and has published over 150 peer reviewed accredited journal
publications, 42 accredited full paper proceedings and 11 chapters. She serves on the
editorial boards of 8 peer-reviewed internationally accredited journals while acting
as reviewer for over 30 journals. She is also the co-editor in chief of the international
accredited journal photomedicine and laser surgery.
e:
habrahamse@uj.ac.zaHeidi Abrahamse
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Potential use of photobiomodulation in stem cell therapy
Heidi Abrahamse
, Biomed Res, Volume 30
DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C1-025