tissue-engineering-stem-cells-2019-keynote

6 / 6

Page 17
Notes:
Journal of Biomedical Research | ISSN: 0976-1683 | Volume 30
allied
academies
March 14-15, 2019 | London, UK
T issue Engineer ing, Stem Cel ls and Regenerat ive Medicine
Cel l and Gene Therapy
World Congress on
International Conference on
&
Joint Event
Adult stem cells of mesodermal origin differentiate
into other tissues such as cartilage and bone, when
treated with specialised induction media in vitro. However,
transdifferentiating adipose stem cells (ASCs) to other dermal
layers is a challenge to researchers and therapists in regenerative
medicine. Current activities in phototherapy are focused in
optimizing the biological activities of lasers or light on stem
cells including human immortalized ASCs (iASCs). A growing
body of literature suggests that low intensity laser irradiation
(LILI) increase stem cell migration, stimulates proliferation and
possibly differentiates them to other cell types. This study used
a combination of biological and physical inducers for increasing
the differentiation of neurons in culture models. It has used a
combination of growth inducers to differentiate iASCs to free-
floating neural stem cells called neurospheres. Further, it has
applied near infrared (NIR) lasers of wavelength 825nm with
fluences ranging from 5 to 15 J/cm2 on these neurospheres.
Changes in the metabolic and redox status of these newly
differentiated neurons were gauged from transcriptome.
Moreover, neuronal differentiation was determined by
immunostainingusingearlyandlatemarkers.Thisstudywasable
to generate neurospheres from iASCs and differentiate them to
neuronal cells in vitro . There was a sharp distinction between
the metabolic processes of these iASCs with the primary ASCs.
Strikingly, therewas an increase in an early neuronal marker at 5
J/cm2 and 15 J/cm2 signifying the biphasic dose response of NIR
laser on living systems. Thus, LILI increased the yield of neurons
and effected stem cell differentiation through modulation of
cellular redox status. However, these differentiated cells failed
to express late neuronal markers. This study found that iASCs,
which has the capacity to proliferate indefinitely in culture
medium is an excellent model for differentiation. It gives an
insight into the cellular and molecular events during neuronal
differentiation of iASCs by growth factors and LILI. Further, it has
identified themode of action of NIR laser in differentiating iASCs
to other cell types. The outcome of this study has to be taken
forward for validation by functionality testing and analysis.
Speaker Biography
Heidi Abrahamse is currently the director of the laser research centre, University
of Johannesburg and Department of Science and Technology/National Research
Foundation SARChI chair for laser applications in health. Her research interests
include photobiology and photochemistry with specific reference to photodynamic
cancer therapy, stem cell differentiation and wound healing. She has supervised 40
masters; 15 doctorates and 12 post-doctorate fellows and has published over 150
peer reviewed accredited journal publications, 42 accredited full paper proceedings
and 11 chapters. She serves on the editorial boards of 8 peer-reviewed internationally
accredited journals while acting as reviewer for over 30 journals. She is also the co-
editor in chief of the international accredited journal photomedicine and laser surgery.
e:
Heidi Abrahamse
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Laser-induced differentiation of immortalized adipose stem cells to neuronal cells
Heidi Abrahamse , Biomed Res, Volume 30
DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C1-024