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allied
academies
February 18-19, 2019 | Paris, France
Joint Event
Green Chemistry and Technology
8
th
World Congress on
International Conference on
Organic and Inorganic Chemistry
Journal of Industrial and Environmental Chemistry| Volume: 3
The main chemical, rare earth and trace elements and minerals formation of mountain soil as an
indicator of source and treatment pedogenetic in the palestinian mountain soil
Mahmoud Salahdeen Zaid
University of Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany
T
he purpose of this study was to explore the pedogenesis
processes and to examine the source (parent material) of
Mediterranean mountain soil; especially Terra Rossa, Rendzina
and other associated soils through chemical (major, trace
and Rare Earth Elements (REEs)), grain size and mineralogical
compositions. Forty soil sampleswere collected form13 pedons
from different areas in Palestine that represent different soil
types, lithology, elevation and precipitation along a climatic
transect to demonstrate variability between south, north
sections and west east transects. The north section around
Nablus consists of: western and eastern transect. The western
one in turn consists of Qusin pedon which was Terra Rossa, and
Bait Eba pedon which was Rendzina. While the eastern one in
turn consists of Tubas pedon which was Rendzina, and Tayaseer
pedon which was Terra Rossa. The south section, which was
Bethlehem and Jerusalem mountains, consists of: western and
eastern transect, the western one in turn consists of Battir1,
Battir2 and AlQbu, which is Karstic, pedons which were Terra
Rossa, while Ishwa and Ishwa (the road) pedons which were
Rendzina soil. In other hand, the eastern one in turn consists
of Teqo’a east and Teqo’a west pedons which were Terra
Rossa, While Beit Sahour and Bayth Ta’amar pedons which
were Rendzina. Two dust samples from Al-Quds University and
seven rock samples from different pedons were collected also.
From grain size, chemical compositions (major, trace and REEs),
and mineralogical compositions results, dust was found to be
the dominant parent material in studied soils. Leaching was
dependentonrainfallamountandbedrockandsoilpermeability.
Ca, Sr and U elements leached more than these trace elements
Fe, K, Mg, Na, Al, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Rb, Sb, V, Zn and Zr
and REEs. Some Terra Rossa samples were alike Typical Terra
Rossa but with relatively high calcite content but mineralogical
and chemical characteristics were like Pale Rendzina as in Qusin
pedon. On the other hand, Brown Rendzina resembles Typical
Terra Rossa as in Beit Sahour and Bayth Ta’amar pedons. The
east transects samples leached less than the western, but the
difference in leaching was low. Battir 2 profile has two soil layers
deep layer, layers were composed of one on top of the other
Dust samples were polluted with these trace elements Al, Cu,
Pb, Sb and Zn, and this may be due to industrial or construction
sources. Vanadium element found to be affected by rain and
this is like Aluminum which considered to be well retained in
soil. A baseline of grain size, major and trace elements, REEs and
minerals was added to soil science in Palestine in general and
Mediterranean virgin mountain soil (Terra Rossa and Rendzina).
e:
m.zaid@fz-juelich.deJ Ind Environ Chem 2019, Volume 3
DOI: 10.4066/2591-7331-C1-009