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May 16-17, 2019 | Prague, Czech Republic
2
nd
International Conference on
22
nd
International Conference on
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Advanced Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Joint Event
&
Journal of Materials Science and Nanotechnology | Volume 3
Mater Sci Nanotechnol, Volume 3
Genotoxicity of nanoparticles
Oleksandr H Minchenko, Dariia O Tsymbal
and
Dmytro O Minchenko
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ukraine
V
arious nanoparticles have distinctive and remarkable
material properties, different from bulk materials with
the same chemical composition and potential technological
applications, including those in biology and medicine. Many
of them have recently emerged as a new option for cancer
treatment, bioengineering and gene therapy, but inconsistent
data on cytotoxicity and limited control over nanoparticles
behavior currently restrict predictability of such applications.
Most nanotubes, including single-walled carbon nanotubes
(SWCNT), have a highly hydrophobic surface and a non-
biodegradable nature that contributes to their reduced
biocompatibility, limiting their biomedical applications, with
growing concerns about their chronic toxicity. It is important
to note that different variants of carbon nanotubes exhibit
differenttoxicityboth
invitro
and
invivo
.Thetoxicityofcarbon
nanotubes is attributed to their physicochemical properties,
including structure and dose offered to cells or organisms and
can elicit toxicity through numerousmechanisms. The SWCNT
affects the expression of a number of genes associated with
immune response, apoptosis, cell cycle control and cell
proliferation in normal human astrocytes and glioma cells as
well as genome stability. Similar results were obtained with
many other nanoparticles (C
60
fullerene, cerium dioxide,
chromium disilicide, and titanium nitrite) both
in vitro
and
in
vivo
. These nanoparticles activate the endoplasmic reticulum
stress responsible genes with prooncogenic and cell surviving
properties, strongly suppress immune response-related gene
expressions as well as deregulate very important tumor
suppressor genes. Furthermore, inhibition of IRE1-mediated
endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling strongly reduces cell
viability due to treatment with cerium dioxide nanotubes.
Nanoparticles-mediated down-regulation of the expression
of genes encoded the major histocompatibility complex
proteins, which play a central role in the immune system,
indicate the possibility of an immune response deregulation
due to treatment with various nanoparticles. Therefore, most
nanoparticles have a strong genotoxicity and more caution is
needed in biomedical application of different nanoparticles
e
:
ominchenko@yahoo.com