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May 16-17, 2019 | Prague, Czech Republic
2
nd
International Conference on
22
nd
International Conference on
Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology
Advanced Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Joint Event
&
Journal of Materials Science and Nanotechnology | Volume 3
Mater Sci Nanotechnol, Volume 3
Roadmap to clinical translation of gold mediated therapeutics
Devika Chithrani
University of Victoria, Canada
R
ecent developments in nanotechnology has provided
new tools for cancer therapy and diagnosis. Among other
nanomaterial systems, gold nanoparticles are being used as
radiation dose enhancers and anticancer drug carriers. Our
studies show that size, shape and surface properties of NPs
can play a major role in their interaction with tumor cells. We
have a developed a comprehensive research platform which
includes monolayer cell models, multilayer cell models (tissue
likemodels), and
in vivo
animal models to test the therapeutic
efficacy of gold mediated sensitization. It is important to
test NP formulations at all three above mentioned levels to
optimize their use in future clinical applications. For example,
our previous work at monolayer level showed that NPs of
diameter 50 nm had the highest cell uptake among the size
range 10-100 nm. However, at tissue-level NPs of diameter
lower than 50 nm showed the highest tissue penetration.
Once these NPs leave the tumor blood vessels, it important
that they should be able to penetrate tumor tissue deeper.
Hence, we used smaller NPs for our
in vivo
studies. We
were able to achieve more than 12% of the NP formulation
within the tumor. We have also shown for the first time that
cancer drug loaded gold nanoparticles can reach the nucleus
(or the brain) of cancer cells enhancing the therapeutic
effect dramatically. Nucleus of the cancer cells are the most
desirable target in cancer therapy. In chemotherapy, smart
delivery of highly toxic anticancer drugs through packaging
using nanoparticles will reduce the side effects and improve
the quality and care of cancer patients. In radiation therapy,
use of gold nanoparticles as radiation dose enhancer is very
promising due to enhanced localized dose within the cancer
tissue.
e
:
devikac@uvsic.ca