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May 13-14, 2019 | Prague, Czech Republic
Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry
9th World Congress on
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | Volume 9 ISSN: 2249-622X
Migration of toxic metals from wood and wax crayons: Exposure assessment of
children in pre-school age
Nikola M, Jelena T, Djogo Mracevic, Danijela Djukic-Cosic, Marko Krstic and Slavica Razic
University of Belgrade, Serbia
Chemical exposure of children, especially from toys and
crayons, as items in their every day use, is of increased
concern in the last decades. In this study the concentration
and migration of toxic metals from wood and wax crayons
were determined, as well as their intakes which were
assessed in the case of swallowing a part of crayon. Total
concentration of Pb (Lead) , Cd (Cadmium), As (Arsenic), Cr
(Chromium) andNi(Nickel)wereanalyzedin60samplesfrom
10 manufacturers of wooden and wax crayons of different
colors. Microwave acid digestion followed by simulations of
the saline extraction conditions was performed. Aim was
to determine the concentrations of toxic metals that could
leach out from the crayons during children’s mouthing
behaviours (chewing and sucking). Exposure assessment
was conducted in accordance with methodology for toxic
metals in children toys recommended by Holland institute
for public health and environmental protection (RIVM).
Method of evaluation was inductively coupled plasma
optical spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The total concentrations
of metals in the crayons ranged from 0.032-16.415 mg/kg,
4.31-614.75 μg/kg, 0.213-5.779 mg/kg, 0.163-11.174 mg/
kg, 0.036-6.629 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, As, Cr and Ni respectively.
Sb levels were 0.10-3.14 mg/kg and nondetectable in saliva.
Availability studies showed concentrations ranging from
0.146-0.786 mg/kg, 3.73-100 μg/kg, 0.112-2.509 mg/kg,
0.084-4.037 mg/kg, 0.0112-0.4098 mg/kg for Pb, Cd, As, Cr
and Ni respectively after saline extraction. For all measured
values % TDI (Tolerable Daily Intake) for investigated metals
is lower than 10% TDI, which is considered the upper limit
for metal intake in this way. The obtained results have
shown that in majority of tested samples the toxic metal
content is below the WHO limits. The calculated levels of
toxic metal intakes due to chewing or swallowing the parts
of wood and wax crayons acceptable in all tested samples
as well.
Speaker Biography
Nikola M is student on Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade,
Serbia. Jelena T has comleted her Integrated academic studies from
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Serbia. They took part
in 59th Serbian students’ conference of biomedical sciences with
international participation and in 52nd Days of preventive medicine.
They presented this study which was conducted as part of a student
scientific research work.
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e:
Nikola M et al., Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci, Volume:9
DOI: 10.4066/2249-622X-C2-020