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Virol Res J 2017 Volume 1 Issue 3
International Virology Conference
October 30-31, 2017 | Toronto, Canada
Factors associated with first-line antiretroviral treatment failure in adult patients with HIV; Asella Hospital,
Ethiopia: A case-control study
Yihienew Mequanint Bezabih
Arsi University, Ethiopia
Background: Treatment failure has become a significant
challenge in patients taking Antiretroviral Therapy (ART). The
aimof the present study was to identify risk factors for first-line
ART failure among patients attending clinical follow-up in Asella
Hospital, South Eastern Ethiopia.
Materials/methods: A 1:2 matched case-control study (by age,
sex, and duration of ART) was conducted from June 2015 to
July 2017 on adult patients (≥ 15 years) who were on ART for
at least 6 months. Ninety-one patients who were transferred to
second-line ART after confirmed first-line ART failure (viral load
≥ 1000cells/mm3) were cases and 182 patients who did not fail
on their first-line ART were controls. Data were collected using
interview questionnaire, previous chart records and laboratory
tests to detect chronic carrier state for H. pylori, Hepatitis B and
C viral infections. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was
performed.
Results: From 273 patients who participated in this study; 54.6%
weremalesand45.4%werefemales.Theaverageageandduration
onARTwere41.4yearsand71.2monthsrespectively.Independent
risk factorsassociatedwithART failurewere tuberculosis treatment
while on ART (OR=11.08: 95% CI: 4.57-26.87), discontinuation of
ART drugs (OR=7.35; 95%CI: 3.92-13.79), persistent or repeated
diarrhea (OR=4.64: 95%CI= 1.90-11.31), and advanced baseline
WHOStage IV (OR=4.05; 95%CI: 1.03-16.00). Foodmade of wheat
(OR=1.87: 95%CI: 0.75-4.67), H. pylori co-infection (OR=0.76:
95%CI: 0.41-1.42), Hepatitis B carrier state (OR=0.93: 95%CI: 0.30-
2.86), and Hepatitis C carrier states (OR= 0.41: 95%CI: 0.05-3.93)
were not significantly associated with antiretroviral treatment
failure in this study.
Conclusions: Prevention of tuberculosis and special emphasis
on management of HIV and tuberculosis co-infections,
counseling patients on adherence to ART drugs and hygiene;
and starting ART earlier help to decrease ART failure.
Speaker Biography
Yihienew M. Bezabih has completed his MD (doctor of medicine) degree at age of 27
and graduated with great distinction winning silver medal from Adama University,
Ethiopia. He also won the Adama University’s high scoring students award in 2010. He
currently works as lecturer at Arsi University College of Health Sciences and leads two
research projects on HIV and stroke as principal investigator.
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