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Page 56
allied
academies
Journal of Environmental Waste Management and Recycling | Volume 1
March 05-06, 2018 | London, UK
Recycling & Waste Management
5
th
International Conference on
Devulcanization of waste rubber tyre utilizing deep eutectic solvent and ultrasonic energy
Ricky S
1
, Rashmi W
1
, Khalid M
2
, Kaveh S
3
and
Suganti R
1
1
Taylors University, Malaysia
2
Sunway University, Malaysia
3
University of Auckland, New Zealand
T
his particular study of interest aims to study the effect
of coupling ultrasonic treatment with eutectic solvents
in devulcanization process of waste rubber tyre. Specifically,
three different types of DESs were utilized, namely ChCl:Urea
(1:2), ChCl:ZnCl2 (1:2) and ZnCl2:urea (2:7) in which their
physicochemical properties were analysed and proven to
have permissible water content that is less than 3.0 wt%,
degradation temperature below 200oC and freezing point
below 60oC. The mass ratio of rubber to DES were varied
from 1:20-1:40, sonicated for 1 hour at 37 kHz and heated at
variable time of 5-30 min at 180oC. EDX results revealed that
the first two DESs give the highest degree of sulphur removal
at 74.44 and 76.69 % respectively with optimumheating time
at 15 minutes whereby if prolonged, reformation of crosslink
network would be experienced. Such is supported by the
evidence shown by both FTIR and FESEM results where di-
sulphide peak reappear at 30 minutes and morphological
structures from 15 to 30 minutes change from smooth
with high voidage to rigid with low voidage respectively.
Furthermore, TGA curve reveals similar phenomena whereby
at 15 minutes thermal decomposition temperature is at the
lowest due to the decrease of molecular weight as a result
of sulphur removal but increases back at 30 minutes. Type
of bond change was also analysed whereby it was found
that only di-sulphide bond was cleaved and such indicating
partial-devulcanization. Overall, eutectic solvents indeed
have a great potential to be used as devulcanizing solvent
as proven.
e:
rashmi.walvekar@gmail.com