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Journal of Materials Science and Nanotechnology | Volume 2
July 23-25, 2018 | Moscow, Russia
Materials Science and Engineering
International Conference on
The new generation of materials for off-earth mining
Tapia Cortez C A
UNSW Sydney, Australia
T
he boundaries of human exploration have been expanded
to the space and a Mars colonisation process is imminent in
the next decades. Due to the harsh environment and the lack
of biological resources, to colonise the red planet is not a trivial
task, yet it shares similarities with many terrestrial colonisation
processes happened during the last centuries. Initial
colonisation cargo delivered to Mars should contain essential
supplies to support the life of small crews but just for limited
time because of the complexity of the interplanetary supply
chain which is highly dependent on the launching weight. The
launching of the Big Falcon Rocket inserted a new milestone
on space cargo capacity; however, having a massive rocket is
not enough to sustain human life on Mars because an “ideal”
continuous interplanetary supply of materials is limited by
physics, financial and technical constrains. Thus, in an analogous
way that many colonisation processes occurred on Earth, In-
Situ Resources Utilisation via off-Earth Mining (OEM) activities
will be fundamental to sustain human life onMars. OEM should
not only assure a secure supply of essential elements for human
survival such as water and oxygen, but also extract essential
minerals to be used as a raw material for infrastructure and
power generation. Design, construct and maintenance of
OEM equipment is a challenging task due to the elevated level
of uncertainties regarding the Martian environment and its
geology; therefore, they need to be lights, efficient, versatile,
enduring and cheap. To fulfil these requirement, there is no
other better source than the development of new materials.
This presentation explores the evolution of space exploration,
reveals the main challenges and risks associated to the Martian
colonisation process and the technical requirements for the
new generation of materials that OEM needs to expand human
presence in the solar system
e:
c.tapiacortez@unsw.edu.auFrom porous to dense nanostructured β-Ti alloys through high-pressure torsion
Afonso C R M, Amigó A, Stolyarov V, Gunderov D
and
Amigó V
DEMa / UFSCar, Brazil
β
-Ti alloys have low elastic modulus, good specific strength
and high corrosion resistance for biomaterial applications.
Noble elements, such as Nb, Ta and Mo, are used to obtain
β-Ti due to their chemical biocompatibility. However, due
to their refractory nature, β-Ti requires specific processing
routes. Powder metallurgy (P/M) allows for the development
of new β-Ti alloys with decreasing costs but dealing with high-
elemental-content alloys can lead to a lack of diffusion and
grain growth. One method to refine the structure and improve
mechanical properties is a severe plastic deformation technique
through high-pressure torsion (HPT). The aim of this work was
to evaluate the conversion of P/M porous β-Ti-35Nb-10Ta-xFe
alloys to dense nanostructures through high-pressure torsion
in one deformation step and the influence of the structure
variation on the properties and microstructure. TEM analysis
and ASTAR crystallographicmappingwas utilized to characterize
the nanostructures, and the properties of P/M β-Ti-35Nb-
10Ta-xFe alloys processed by HPT were compared. The initial
microstructure consisted mainly by the β-Ti phase with some
α-Ti phase at the grain boundaries. The HPT process refined
the microstructure from 50 μm (P/M) down to nanostructured
grains of approximately 50 nm.
e:
conrado@ufscar.br