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Virology Research Journal
Volume 1 Issue 4
Vaccines World 2017
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Page 41
November 09-10, 2017 Vienna, Austria
21
st
World Congress and Exhibition on
VACCINES, VACCINATION & IMMUNIZATION
Strategies for enhancing the safety and efficacy
of recombinant vaccines and technology transfer
to developing nations
Tilahun Yilma
University of California, USA
W
e have taken a number of approaches to improve
the safety and efficacy of recombinant vaccines for
use in humans and animals, including: choice of the strain
of vaccinia virus (VACV) used as a vector, insertional
inactivation of virulence and immunoregulatory genes of
VACV, and expression of cytokine genes that attenuate the
vector by more than a million-fold without reduction in
immunogenicity. These strategies are illustrated by providing
examples of recombinant VACV (rVACV) vaccines; we
have developed for rinderpest, vesicular stomatitis, simian
immunodeficiency virus, smallpox, and Rift Valley fever.
Additionally, we have exploited the advantages of recombinant
vaccines and developed diagnostic kits that permit one to
distinguish between vaccinated and infected individuals. We
constructed rVACVs expressing an interferon gamma (IFNγ)
and lacking the immune-modulating genes B8R, B13R, and
B22R. IFNγ is a cytokine with potent immunoregulatory,
antineoplastic, and antiviral properties. These rVACVs
replicated to high titers in tissue culture, yet were avirulent
in both immunocompromised and immunocompetent
mice with no detectable viral replication in these animals.
A single immunization elicited potent humoral, T-helper,
and cytotoxic T-cell immune responses in mice despite the
absence of any detectable virus replication in vivo. IFNγ
co-expression and the inactivation of one or more VACV
immune-modulating genes provide an optimized method for
increasing the safety while maintaining the efficacy of rVACV
vaccines for use in humans and animals. Finally, the ILMB
has facilitated and implemented the transfer of technologies
in molecular biology to developing countries in Africa that
has led to self-sufficiency.
tdyilma@ucdavis.eduVirol Res J 2017, 1:4