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J Parasit Dis Diagn Ther 2017
Volume 2 Issue 3
Tropical Medicine 2017
Page 46
September 7-8, 2017 | Edinburgh, Scotland
4
th
International Conference on
Tropical Medicine, Infectious Diseases & Public Health
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FALCIPARUM
MALARIA PARASITEMIA IN URBAN AND
RURALAREAS OF KARACHI-PAKISTAN
Syeda Azra Qamar
a
a
Government College for women shahrah-e-liaquat, Pakistan
Introduction:
Malariaconsidersasadangerousandworldwide
communicable disease among dengue, tuberculosis, AIDS and
HIV and is responsible to 2 million annual deaths especially
in African countries. Malaria is caused by sporozoan parasites
of the genus Plasmodium. There are four different species of
Plasmodium are known, such as Plasmodium falciparum,
P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malaria, but in Pakistan two of
them (P. falciparum and P.vivax) are common. Falciparum
malaria or cerebral malaria is very serious infection among
four Plasmodium species because it increases the mortality
rates throughout the World. This disease also related with
age, sex, immunity, nutritional values, general health and
socio-economic condition. The transmission of malaria is
follows the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito; the
sporozoites transfer from the salivary glands of the infected
mosquito and enter into the blood circulation of host and
invade its hepatocytes, after asexual multiplication convert
into thousand of merozoites that invade the erythrocytes and
after repeat multiplication it gives schizont, some differentiate
into sexual forms of male and female gametocytes that
taken up by female Anopheles mosquitoes during blood
meal, inside the mid-gut, the male gametocytes shows rapid
division, produces 8 flagellated micro-gametes which fertilize
the female macrogamete, resultant into ookinate goes to gut
wall after en-cystment become oocyst which ruptures to
release thousand of sporozoites that reaches to salivary glands
of mosquitoes. In Pakistan Malaria belongs to the oriental
eco-epidemiological type. Epidemics have occurred at 6 to
10 year’s interval; about 40% of the cases were of P. falciparum
in 1972-73 more common in Sindh province (64%). The main
vector involved was A.culicifacies and A.stephensi, both
developed resistances to an organophosphate. According to
the malaria review mission report of 1998, malaria, especially
caused by P. falciparum is on the increase in Pakistan.
Study Area:
This study was conducted at different urban
and adjacent rural areas of Karachi.from January 2003 to
December 2004. Karachi is the largest city and the capital
of province Sindh, known as main seaport and the financial
centre of Pakistan, its estimated population is 13 to 15
million, it is one of the largest cities in term of population
and recognized to be 10th largest urban agglomeration in the
world.
Method:
Thick and thin blood smears were examined and
the thin blood smears were fixed in 100% methanol and
stained in 2% Giemsa. Different stages P. falciparum were
investigated under the oil immersion as well as the number
of parasites/200 white blood cells (WBCs) was counted and
the density of parasites per micro liter of blood was also
calculated.
Result:
Out of 2671patients from urban and 1558 from
adjacent Goths including male and female of different age
groups visiting different hospital, clinics and medical camps
having symptoms of fever, chill, abdominal pain, vomiting
and headache were examined by peripheral blood smear for
the diagnoses of different species of malarial parasite (MP).
The blood smear only positive for P. falciparum were included
in the study while, mixed infection of P. vivax were excluded
from the study. Total number of infection, positive for P.
falciparum was 353(13.21%) including (7.33% male 5.87%
female) & 97(6.22%) including (4.42% male 1.79% female)
from urban and rural areas respectively.
Biography
Syeda Azra Qamar has completed her PhD from the University of Karachi,
Pakistan and partial work of Ph.D. was completed at the University of Arizona,
U.S.A. She is currently working as an Associate Professor at the Department
of Zoology, from Government College for women shahrah-e-liaquat, Pakistan.
She has also accomplished BDV course from Mexico in 2003, first international
training course on functional genomics applied to insect vectors of human
diseases from Thailand in 2005 and Practical short course on Infectious
Disease Modeling from Thailand in 2012 organized by Oxford University.
She has actively participated and presented research papers in different
international conferences including 1st Geneva forum at Geneva, Switzerland
2006, XI ICOPA at Glasgow, Scotland, 6th European Congress at Verona Italy,
XII ICOPA at Melbourne, Australia, 4th conference of the Scandinavian-Baltic
Society of Parasitology, Oslo, Norway. 2011, 15 ICID at Bangkok, Thailand,
2012, 5th Congress of European Microbiologists Leipzig, Germany, and has
visited twice as a research Scholar at Pasture Institute of Iran, serving as a
Reviewer for journal articles and also a Member of South Initiative for Tropical
Diseases Research (SSI) from 2003 and Member of advisory board of Annals
of tropical medicine and public health from 2009, She has published 10 papers
in reputed journal.
drazra_zoologist@hotmail.comSyeda Azra Qamar, J Parasit Dis Diagn Ther 2017