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Virology research J 2017 Vol 1 Issue 2
Notes:
July 26-27, 2017 | Vancouver, Canada
WORLD CONFERENCE ON STDs, STIs & HIV/AIDS
allied
academies
H
IV and AIDS remain a persistent problem for the United
States. In 2015, 39,513 people were diagnosed with
HIV. Since the beginning of the epidemic, nearly 675,000
people with AIDS in the United States have died, and even
today, nearly 13,000 people with AIDS in the United States
die each year. While great progress has been made in
preventing and treating HIV, but challenges remain. These
challenges include the current drug resistance and toxicity
and unresponsiveness of the treatment to suppress HIV
replication in all patients. These challenges incite searching
for novel anti-HIV drugs and a new strategy to control the
multiple-target viral replication. Likely, the HIV replication
cycle offers multiple receptor sites for chemotherapeutic
intervention, including the proteases, integrase, reverse
transcriptase, cellular ATPase DDX3, viral envelope
glycoprotein (gp120), transmembrane glycoprotein (gp41),
and viral co-receptors (CXCR4 and CCR5) as a valid anti-HIV
targets. Therefore, the use of chemotherapy to suppress
replication of HIV has tremendously improved the treatment
of AIDS in the last decades. Dual chemotherapy such as
cabotegravir and rilpivirine or dolutegravir plus lamivudine
which have opened the door to a new treatment paradigm
in HIV therapeutics. Furthermore, cell or gene therapy by
allogeneic stem cell transplantation have had a resurgence of
interest to control the HIV virus which may point towards a
future drug-free therapy for HIV-1 infection. The application
of the computer-aided drug design (CADD) has become one
of the core technologies in the current discovery of the anti-
HIV inhibitors. Accordingly, the cost of drug development
was reduced by up to 50% and the ADMET properties of the
potential anti-HIV inhibitors become feasible. Structural-
based drug design plays a significant role in the current
success of discovery of highly selective inhibitors of protease
(PR), reverse transcriptase (RT) and/or integrase (IN) of thepol
gene of HIV-1. In recent years, computer-based approaches
are widely and effectively applied in virtual screening and
de novo design of protein–protein interaction inhibitors
(PPI) for the discovery of highly active antiretroviral therapy
(HAART) against HIV/AIDS. Furthermore, the application of
simulation to drug design incorporated with experimental
techniques has developed considerable numbers of
novel fusion inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitors
(RTI), integrase inhibitors (II), and protease inhibitors (PI).
Furthermore, the Nanosystems (liposomes, nanoparticles,
niosomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers) used for HIV
therapeutics offer some unique advantage like enhancement
of bioavailability, water solubility, stability, and targeting
ability of ARV drugs. Currently, the main attention is paid on
vaccines are made from deactivated versions of HIV so that
HIV can fight with HIV or any other vaccines approaches.
The rapid emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants and
serious adverse effects have highlighted the need for further
discovery of new drugs and new targets. The problem of
drug resistance development due to mutations in HIV-1
proteins targeted by antiviral drugs could be overcome by
the development of specific DEAD-box RNA helicase/ATPase
DDX3 inhibitors as effective anti-HIV agents..
Speaker Biography
Hamed I. Ali is an Assistant Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A&M Rangel
College of Pharmacy, USA
e:
alyismail@pharmacy.tamhsc.eduRecent advances in the Drug discovery of anti- HIV/AIDS agents
Hamed I. Ali
Texas A&M University, USA