2 / 6
Page 20
Notes:
allied
academies
November 21-22, 2019 | Singapore
Global Experts Meeting on
12
th
International Conference on
STD-AIDS and
Infectious Diseases
Allergy, Immunology
and Rheumatology
Joint Event
&
J Infectious Disease Med Microbiol, Volume 3
Role of gut microbiota dysbiosis andmetabolic endotoxemia in pathogenicmechanisms of
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Alex Shnyra
and
Alex Malloy
Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences, USA
R
A is an autoimmune disease manifested by chronic
inflammation of synovial joints that leads to bone and
cartilage damage, systemic complications, and disability.
RA affects approximately 0.5% to 1% of the population
worldwide. Epidemiological studies show that RA has
a complex genetic background. The heritability of RA is
estimated to be about 60%. A strong association between
certain human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) and predisposition
to RAwas shown inmultiple studies. However, genetic factors
are not alone in determining the risk and outcomes of RA
development. It was demonstrated that environmental and
lifestyle-related factors such asmicrobial burden and diet may
also contribute to RA susceptibility in genetically predisposed
individuals. Emerging evidence suggests the existence of
a relationship between changes in gut microbiota and
development of RA, although the precise role of microbial
dysbiosis in the pathogenic mechanisms of RA is still to be
fully defined. The autoimmune nature of RA is confirmed
by the presence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies
(ACPA) and autoantigen-specific CD4+ T cells in RA patients.
Mounting experimental and clinical evidence also suggest
a key role of synovial macrophages (Mɸ in joint health and
disease. In healthy joints, synovial M exhibit relatively
quiescent M2 phenotype characterized by anti-inflammatory
properties. In RA, inflammatory M are reprogrammed
into M1 phenotype and serve as the major source of pro-
inflammatory cytokines and other mediators implemented
into synovial tissue inflammation, bone erosion, and ultimate
destruction of joints. In our search for environmental triggers
involved in early development of autoimmune diseases, we
identified gut-derived endotoxin as a putative causative factor
in the onset of RA. Here, we will review the emerging clinical
and experimental evidence suggesting an important role of
gut microbiota and metabolic endotoxemia in modulation of
M1/M2 phenotypic responses of synovial M relevant to the
pathogenic mechanisms of RA.
Speaker Biography
Alex Shnyra (born January 05, 1956) received his Doctor of Medicine
in 1979 and Doctor of Philosophy in 1985 at Moscow, Russia. Dr. Shnyra
was a senior scientist at All-Union Cardiology Research Center at Moscow,
a visiting scientist at Dept. of Clinical Bacteriology, Karolinska Institute,
Stockholm, Sweden, and he hold Faculty Positions at several medical
schools in the U.A.E. and U.S.A. Since 2007, he is an Associate Professor
of immunology at Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences. Dr.
Shnyra is an expert immunologist with extensive experience in cell biology,
immunology, molecular biology and biochemistry. He has developed
several funded research projects in Russia, Sweden, and UAE and at NIH,
USA. Dr. Shnyra is a receiver of International and Nationals awards and
honors. His research is cited in more than 800 scientific publications. His
current research is focused on the link between autoimmune diseases and
the gastrointestinal microbiome..
e:
ashnyra@kcumb.eduJournal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology | Volume 3