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April 17-18, 2019 | Frankfurt, Germany

Parkinson’s, Huntington’s & Movement Disorders

International Conference on

Journal of Brain and Neurology | Volume 3

Non- Pharmacological interventions for Lateral Axial Dystonia (Pisa syndrome) in

Parkinson’s diseases: A review

Mohammad Etoom

Al-isra University, Jordan

ostural deformities are frequent and disabling

complication of Parkinson’s diseases. Pisa

syndrome (PS), or lateral axial dystonia is a postural

deformitycharacterizedbyamarked lateral flexionof

trunk. PS studies showed patterns of trunk muscles

hyperactivity ipsilateral or contralateral to bending

side. Recent evidences found that PS is correlated

with more impairments vestibulospinal tract, upper

limb functions, spinepain, andquality of life. The aim

of this abstract to review the non-pharmacological

interventions for PS in Parkinson’s diseases through

MEDLINE database. The current evidence shows a

set of non-pharmacological interventions address

PS as: exercise interventions, Botulinum toxin, spine

surgery, spinal cord stimulation, and subthalamic

deep brain stimulation. The studies show positive

effects for exercise interventions, Botulinum toxin,

spinal cord stimulation, and deep brain stimulation

on lateral trunk deformity, spine pain, and motor

impairments. Spine surgery did not improve spine

deformities or motor impairments. Exercise and

Botulinium toxin recommended considering the

hyperactive muscles regardless the bending side.

Observational studies found that the more impaired

muscles are paraspinal, abdominal oblique, rectus

femoris, rectus abdominis, external oblique, and

quadratus lumborm. According to the previous

findings, non-pharmacological interventions except

spine surgery are beneficial option for PS. More

consideration for the impaired muscle, dystonia

characteristics, and trunk proprioception is required

to treat and rehab patients with PS.