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August 23-24, 2018 | Paris, France
Neurology and Neurological Disorders
18th International Conference on
Journal of Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Research | Volume 3
Connectivity studies using resting-state functional magnetic
resonance imaging (rsfMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and,
more recently, diffusion spectroscopic imaging (DSI) have enhanced
our knowledge on the organization of large-scale structural and
functional brain networks, which consist of spatially distributed,
but functionally linked regions that continuously share information
with each other. Brain’s energy is largely consumed at rest during
spontaneous neuronal activity (~20%), while task-related increases
in metabolism energy are minor (<5%). Spontaneous ultralow-
frequency fluctuations in BOLD-based rsfMRI signals (<0.01Hz) at
the level of large-scale neural systems are not noise, but orderly
and organized in a series of functional networks that permanently
maintain a high level of temporal coherence among brain areas that
are structurally segregated and functionally linked in resting state
networks(RSNs).SomeRSNsarefunctionallyorganizedasdynamically
competing systems both at rest and during tasks. The default mode
network (DMN), the most important RSN, is even more active
during rest and involved in realization of tasks like memory retrieval,
emotional process, and social cognition. Cortical connectivity at rest
is reportedly altered in several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Most recently, human brain function has been imaged in fMRI, and
thereby accessing both sides of the mind-brain interface (subjective
experience and objective observations) have simultaneously been
performed. As such, functional neuroimaging moves onto new
potential applications like reading the brain states, brain-computer
interfaces,liedetection,andsoforth.Thepresentationaimstoreview
and evaluate the most current approaches and findings on early
detection and classification of cognitive impairments and dementia,
particularly among syndromes with relatively similar behavioral
effects,onthebasisofalterationsinbrainconnectivityatrestexplored
by fused rsfMRI, DTI, andDSI.
Speaker Biography
Radu Mutihac is Chair of Medical Physics Section, University of Bucharest, and works
in Neuroscience, Signal Processing, Microelectronics, and Artificial Intelligence. As
postdoc/research associate/visiting professor/full professor he has run his research at
the University of Bucharest, International Centre for Theoretical Physics (Italy), Ecole
Polytechnique (France), Institut Henri Poincaré (France), KU Leuven (Belgium). Data
mining and exploratory analysis of neuroimaging time series were addressed during
two Fulbright Grants in Neuroscience (Yale University, CT, and University of New
Mexico, NM, USA). His research in fused biomedical imaging modalities was carried
out at the Johns Hopkins University, National Institutes of Health, and Walter Reed
Army Institute of Research, MD, USA.
e:
Radu Mutihac
University of Bucharest, Romania
Spatiotemporal dynamics of the human effective connectome in Neurological disorders