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Journal of Biomedical Research | Volume: 29
4th World Heart Congress
Molecular Biology, Tissue Science and Regenerative Medicine
International Conference on
Joint Event
&
November 19-20, 2018 | Paris, France
Cell therapy was demonstrated of main importance in the
management of normal tissue radiation damage. Preclinical
and clinical trial data suggest that mesenchymal stem cells
(MSCs) are a practical and safe source of cells for stemcell-based
therapies of severe tissue damage consecutive to radiation
overexposure. MSCs were shown tomigrate to damaged tissues
supporting wound healing through a “cell drug” mode of action
restoring skin and gut functions after irradiation. However,
technical limits associated with large-scale ex vivo expansion
indicate that alternative source is required to obtain sufficient
cell numbers of the appropriate lineage to treat patients with
severe disease.
Based on this pluripotency and unlimited expansion potential,
inducedpluripotent stemcells (iPSCs) areconsideredapromising
resource for regenerative medicine. Like naturally occurring
stem cells, these artificially induced cells can self-renew and
develop into almost any cell in the body (pluripotency). Clinical
iPSC banks of selected universal donors should allow their use
for large scale allogeneic grafts.
OurconsortiumdescribesaGMP-gradesystemtoproducehiPSCs,
acell populationcapableof reconstitutinghumanhematopoiesis.
We demonstrate that i) hiPSC-derived hematopoietic stem
cells (HSCs) from healthy donor are capable of reconstituting
a functional human hematopoiesis in a radio-induced aplasia
preclinical model, ii) hiPSC-derived HSCs fromaplastic anemia
patients or acute leukemia affected patients retain this ability.
Our study prepares a new approach of autologous graft (from
the cells of the patient) of cells for healthy tissue damage
after radiation exposure. It could potentially pave the way to
the constitution of universal banks of stem cells, which would
radically increase the capacity of support and treatment of
tissue exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation and in the
management of chronic late radiotherapy side effects.
Speaker Biography
Alain Chapel has been developing gene and cell therapy using non-human primates,
immune-tolerant mice and rats to protect against the side effects of radiation. He
collaborates with clinicians to develop strategies for treatment of patients after
radiotherapy overexposures. He has participated in the first establishment of proof of
concept of the therapeutic efficacy of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment
of hematopoietic deficit, radiodermatitis and over dosages of radiotherapy. He has
contributed to the first reported correction of deficient hematopoiesis in patients
(graft failure and aplastic anemia) thanks to intravenous injection of MSCs restoring the
bone marrow microenvironment, mandatory to sustain hematopoiesis after total body
irradiation. He is scientific investigator of clinical phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of
systemic MSC injections for the treatment of severe and chronic radiotherapy-induced
abdomino-pelvic complications refractory to standard therapy.
e:
Alain Chapel
Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France
Cell therapy the allograft to universal transplant and how to transform a concept in a
clinical trial also application in the treatment of the side effects of radiotherapy
Alain Chapel, Molecular Biology & Heart Congress 2018, Volume 29
DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C8-022