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Microbiology: Current Research
Volume 2
International Conference on
Emerging Diseases, Outbreaks & Case Studies
&
16
th
Annual Meeting on
March 28-29, 2018 | Orlando, USA
Influenza
A
human body can harbour 5-10 times more microbes than
the total number of cells and 90% of all these microbes
enter our body through the intestine. Intestine contains the
largest compartment of our entire immune system. CD4Thelper
cells, arguably the most important cells in our immune system
are required to protect the intestine against daily invasion
of millions of microbes. Besides combating pathogens, CD4
T helper cells also play a critical role in various inflammation,
autoimmune disorders and allergic diseases. While, a class of
CD4 T helper cell, known as regulatory T cells (iTreg), encourages
infection while suppressing autoimmune responses; another class
of T helper cells, known as T helper 17 (Th17), fights infection
while promoting autoimmune response. Interestingly, the
intestinal immune system doesn’t react to commensal microbes
due to production of a Vitamin A metabolite- retinoic acid. This
‘Vitamin A’ metabolite helps to maintain homeostasis in gut as
it promotes differentiation of iTreg cells, which in turn promote
tolerance so that the intestinal immune cells don’t react to
commensal bacteria unnecessarily. During invasion of pathogenic
microbes, the homeostasis is broken and other classes of CD4
T cells differentiate to take over the role of the warrior and
thwart the pathogens from invading our body. One of the most
important classes of effector cells that protect against bacterial
invasion are the Th17 cells, whose differentiation is opposed
by Vitamin A present abundantly in the gut. Interestingly both
iTreg and Th17 cellular differentiations require a common
signalling pathway that intrinsically links their developmental
axis. The talk will briefly focus on the roles of differentiation
of these 2 types of T helper subsets on protection against an
enteropathogenic bacteria
Citrobacter rodentium
, a murine gut
bacteria that closely mimics enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
infection of humans and serves as a useful model for studying
intestinal immune response; and briefly discuss the mechanism
of their orchestration to confer protective immunity to the
enteropathogenic bacteria. This talk will also highlight the
emerging role of intestinal immune system in human health
and focuses on dynamics of intestinal immune system capable
of thwarting the microbial onslaught from trillions of microbes.
Speaker Biography
Rajatava Basu received his Doctoral training from India and Germany and is working
at Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, India and Charité Medical School, Humboldt
University, Germany where he characterized immuno-dominant epitopes by proteomic
analysis to develop an effective DNA vaccination strategy against infectious diseases.
After completing a stint at Charité – Universitätsmedizin in Berlin as a Visiting Scientist,
he visited USA and joined the laboratory of Prof. Casey Weaver at UAB for pursuing his
Post-doctoral training on the area of cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling
T cell-mediated immune regulation during autoimmune inflammation. Currently, he
is an Assistant Professor of Pathology at UAB School of Medicine and a Crohn’s and
Colitis Foundation (CCFA, USA) fellow. He has published in leading journals like
Nature
Immunology, Immunity
and
Immunological
Reviews. He has received prestigious
international scholarships and has been awarded Alexander von Humboldt fellowship
and Volkswagen Stiftung fellowship.
e:
rajatavabasu@uabmc.eduRajatava Basu
University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
All disease begins in the gut: A story of the warrior T helper cells and the invading
microbes of the gut