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S e p t e m b e r 2 0 - 2 1 , 2 0 1 8 | R o m e , I t a l y
Joint Event on
OF EXCELLENCE
IN INTERNATIONAL
MEETINGS
YEARS
Dermatology Congress 2018 & World Nephrology 2018 Archives of General Internal Medicine | ISSN: 2591-7951 | Volume 2
2nd WORLD NEPHROLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS CONGRESS
DERMATOLOGY AND TRICHOLOGY
&
International Congress on
Ogba Ofonime M, Arch Gen Intern Med 2018, Volume 2 | DOI: 10.4066/2591-7951-C5-014
MICROBIAL BURDEN OF DIABETIC FOOT
ULCERS: THE CALABAR SCENARIO
Ogba Ofonime M
University of Calabar, Nigeria
Foot ulcers in diabetes mellitus subjects are a leading cause of morbidity
and mortality which culminates in non-traumatic amputations worldwide.
Knowledge of the microbial burden in the ulcers may improve patients care
and management. This prospective study was designed to isolate, identify,
and carry out antibiotic susceptibility testing on bacterial isolates associated
with diabetic foot ulcers among subjects in University of Calabar Teaching
Hospital. Subjects with diabetic foot ulcer were recruited after obtaining
ethical clearance from the Research Committee and informed consent from
the subjects. Samples were obtained from subjects using sterile swabs and
subjected to microscopy and culture. Isolates were identified using standard
bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by
Kirby-Bauer method. Out of the 50 subjects recruited for the study, 31 (62.0%)
were females while 19 (38.1%) were males with a mean age of 55.4±10.1 and
a minimum age of 40.0 years. All the subjects had grade four wounds. The
study recorded 100% infection rates among subjectswith 70.0%polymicrobial
infections. A total of 97 isolates were encountered among the 50 subjects
accounting for the average of 1.94 isolates per subject. The most prevalent
isolate was Staphylococcus aureus 32 (32.9%), while the least prevalent
pathogen was Klebsiella pneumonia 10 (20.4%). Candida isolates were
associated with 15 (30.0%) of the subjects. Females harbored more isolates
61 (62.9%) than males 36 (37.1%) but there was no statistically significant
effect of gender on infection rates (χ2=15.0, p≥0.05). Erythromycin was the
most effective (65.6%) against S aureus while gram-negative bacteria were
more susceptible to Augmentin (87.5%) and ciprofloxacin (75.0%). The study
has shown a high index of wound contamination with bacteria and fungi.
The multiple antibiotic resistance of the bacterial isolates calls for the need
to monitor resistance. Antifungal agents should be administered alongside
antibiotics to subjects with Candida infection.
Ogba Ofonime M has completed her PhD fromUniver-
sity of Calabar, Nigeria. She is a Senior Lecturer in the
University of Calabar, Nigeria. She has over 35 publi-
cations that have been cited over 35 times, and her
publication H-index is 3.0 and has been serving as an
Editorial Board Member of reputed journals. She has
professional associations with over 10 professional
body including: Association of Medical Laboratory
Scientists of Nigeria (AMLSN), Medical Laboratory
Science Council of Nigeria (MLSCN), American Soci-
ety of Microbiology (ASM), International Society for
Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM), Organization
for Women in Science for Developing World (OWSD),
Nigeria Cancer Society (NCS) and African Society for
Laboratory Medicine (ASLM). Her research interest is
on Dermatology and skin infections and antibiotic/an-
tifungal susceptibility studies.
BIOGRAPHY