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September 05-06, 2019 | London, UK
7
th
International Conference on
2
nd
International Conference on
Otolaryngology: ENT Surgery
Dental Health and Oral Hygiene
Joint Event
&
Saliva as a diagnostic fluid
Hawra Al Janobi
Imam Abdul Rahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
I
n humans, the normal biological role of salivary gland is to
produce saliva. Saliva is a clear, slightly acidic mucoserous
exocrine secretion. The saliva provides an important role in
the host defense mechanism of the upper gastrointestinal
tract, which is controlled by variable secretory molecules like
proteins and growth factors.
Saliva has many components, and each one has a specific
function. One of the main components is the electrolytes,
including sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium,
bicarbonate, and phosphates. Other components of saliva
include immunoglobulins, proteins, enzymes, mucins and
nitrogen products (urea and ammonia). Saliva contains a
high concentration of calcium and phosphate ions. Saliva
is supplied by blood; therefore, biomarkers present in
blood could be also present in saliva. Saliva is emerging
as a diagnostic fluid, as it is easy to collect, noninvasive,
inexpensive, safe, and contains valuable diagnostic material.
It has been used to detect several different diseases including
cystic fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, HIV, oral
and systemic cancer, caries, periodontal disease, and auto-
immune connective tissue diseases like rheumatoid arthritis,
systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren syndrome (SS).
Our study: Our objective was to determine whether saliva
from patients with SS has higher levels of inflammatory
mediators as compared to healthy controls. Moreover, we
sought to establish whether a novel collection device was
superior to a conventional saliva collection method for
detection of inflammatory cytokines. We recruited SS (n = 9)
and healthy controls (n = 8) and collected saliva from them
using a conventional method and a novel collection device
termed the RNAPro SAL. We analyzed saliva using a cytokine
multiplex array. Our results showed that the conventional
method is superior to the RNAPro SAL for the detection IL-1α
and IL-1β. In contrast, the RNAPro SAL was superior to the
conventional method in detecting IL-2, IL-5, TNFβ, and IL-23.
Saliva collected with the RNAPro SAL device revealed that SS
patients showed higher levels of TNFβ and lower levels of IL-5
compared to healthy controls. Therefore, cytokines in saliva
may be useful in distinguishing SS patients, and the RNAPro
SAL may be a valuable novel collection device for salivary
diagnostics.
e
:
haaljanobi@iau.edu.saJ Clin Dentistry Oral Health
Volume: 3
Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health | Volume 3