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March 25-26, 2019 | Amsterdam, Netherlands
CARDIOLOGY
AND CARDIAC NURSING
3rd World Congress on
Cardiology Summit 2019 Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics | Volume 3
OF EXCELLENCE
IN INTERNATIONAL
MEETINGS
YEARS
RISK OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AMONG HIV PATIENTS ON HIGHLY ACTIVE
ANTI-RETROVIRAL THERAPY
Okello Emmanuel Onen
Clarke International University, Uganda
Background: The risk of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infected pa-
tients on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) from some rural parts of Africa and Uganda isn’t well
known. We assessed CVD risk factors, and used the lipid panel relationship to estimate the risk to CVD in persons
with HIV infection on HAART in Gulu, Uganda.
Methods: A cross-sectional study in which data on demographic, lifestyle, diet and physical activity were col-
lected using theWHO Stepwise approach to surveillance questionnaire, Biochemical measurements were tested
using standard Biochemical methods on the Humastar 200 chemistry analyzer, Physical measurements; BMI and
Hip to waist circumference were measured using standard methods, alongside the blood pressure. Multivariate
logistic regression was used to analyze predictors of CVD risk factor.
Results: Mean HDL-C was 38.8 (SD 14.4) (CI: 36.8—39.8), mean T.CHOL was 187.8 (SD 42.3) (CI: 169—200), the
mean TRIG was 130.2 (SD 7.5) (CI: 121—148) and the mean FBS was 4.5 (SD 1.1) (CI: 4.2—5.0). The most common
risk factor was the lowHDL-C of 40.4%, the HAART regiment that caused the most dyslipidemia was the efavirenz
based HAART regiment (TDF-3TC-EFV), hypertriglyceridemia of 5.9%, hypercholesterolemia of 3.6%, hypergly-
cemia of 2.9% and by the TC/HDL-C ratio; 33(9.9%) participants were at risk for CVD while by the TG/HDL-C
ratio 61(18.3%) participants were at risk for CVD. Obese participants were 2(0.6%), combined hypertension was
11(3.3%), systolic hypertension 11(3.3%) diastolic hypertension 3(0.9%).
Conclusion: The risk factors for CVD exist at 9.8%(TC/HDL>1.49), 18.3%(TG/HDL>5) and a combined risk of
28.1% lower than the risk in Mashinya et al., (2015) so the Null hypothesis was rejected and alternative accepted
hence justifies clearly a considerable health burden that can possibly be reduced by increasing educational pro-
grams on CVD prevention for people on HAART. There is however a need to develop and evaluate a race/ethnic-
ity-specific CVD risk estimation tool for HIV infected Africans and assessment at HAART initiation and follow-up
alongside developing a testing algorithm for lipid panel during monitoring for HAART.
Okello Emmanuel Onen, J Cardiovasc Med Ther 2019, Volume 3
Okello Emmanuel Onen has completed his BMLS at the age of 29 years from Clark International University, Kampala,
Uganda where he was the publicity coordinator for the Clark International University Research Club. He is a registered
clinical pathologist/medical laboratory scientist, also the CEO of the independent medical laboratory detectives and in-
vestigators in Gulu, Uganda with a passion for cardiovascular disease especially in HIV in the local setting of Gulu, Ugan-
da. He has unpublished work in the pipeline for publication in the area of HIV/aids, diabetes, fungal and enrolled for MSc
in infectious disease at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. Emmanuel ha presented his paper in scientific
conferences/seminars at both national and international level, supported a number of manuscript writing and guard-
ians to fellow researchers in the field of medicine to achieve valid research findings and currently a laboratory scientist
at Gulu regional referral hospital and safety auditor waiting to present at the world cardiology congress in March, 2019.
BIOGRAPHY