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academies
J Parasit Dis Diagn Ther 2017 | Volume 2 Issue 4
International Conference on
Zoology, Microbiology & Medical Parasitology
October 30-November 01, 2017 | Chicago, USA
The long-term changes in abundance of fleas on the grey marmots (
Marmota baibacina
) hosts as
main vectors of plague in the Tien-Shan natural plague focus, Kyrgyzstan
Gulmira Sariyeva
1
, Anton Shabunin
1
, Zharkynai Aytbaeva
1
, Gulnara Bazarkanova
2
, Erkebulan Ibragimov
3
, Sabyrzhan Abdikarimov
3
, Kingsley Amoako
4
,
Vladimir Motin
5
, Michael Kosoy
6
and
Serge Morand
7
1
Issyk-Kul State University, KG
2
RCQEDI, KG
3
Republic center of quarantine and dangerous infections of MH, KG
4
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Canada
5
UTMB, USA
6
CDC, USA
7
SIRAD, France
Statement of the Problem:
Themain problem is to survey the
abundance and epizootic status of grey marmots (
Marmota
baibacina
), the main hosts of plague in mountains areas of
Tien-Shan and their fleas, the main vector of plague.
Methodology & Theoretical Orientation:
Investigation
of plague focus included rodent trapping, collection and
identification of rodent ectoparasites, calculation of
parasitological indices, bacteriological testing of rodents and
their ectoparasites. Fleas were collected from marmot wool
and nests after digging their burrows.
Findings:
In Issyk-Kul region of Kyrgyzstan there were two
natural plague foci: Verknenaryn (area 8000
sq.km) and Sari-
Dzhas (800
sq.km). The most distant and difficult to reach
high mountain area of Verknenaryn focus is Usengegush
that reaches the territory of China. Epizootics of plague with
different intensity were observed here many times since
1951. The average number of marmots in the area was 21.4
animals per
sq.kmin 2010. Such parameter was significantly
lower compared to 1951-1952 (Fig. 1). There were two
species of marmot fleas–
O. silantivi
and
R.li.ventricosa
. Flea
load varied from 0.5 until 5.5 per animal in 1951-1978. After
large epizootics reported in 1975 and resulted in isolation
of 39 strains of
Yersinia pestis
the territory of Verknenaryn
focus was under intensive insecticide program by dusting
marmots’ burrows by DDT. By 1988 prevalence of fleas
was significantly reduced. Our observations suggested that
abundance of fleas has increased again during last years.
Conclusion & Significance:
The origin of human plague cases
is in the marmot reservoir and the marmot fleas in Tien-
Shan Mountains. The extermination of flea vectors lead to
the break of plague transmission chain. The reduction of the
plague control measures creates a risk of new plague cases.
Speaker Biography
Gulmira Sariyeva completed her Ph.D in biology, associative professor of Issyk-Kul state
university, Karakol, Kyrgyzstan. After graduation of Al-Farabi - Kazakh state university,
faculty of biology, she completed Ph.D in area of adaptation of plants to different
environmental stresses. During further research and teaching in Issyk-Kul state
university she turned her research interests in the field of sustainable development on
the level of whole ecosystem, its interaction with environmental and human factors.
Since 2010 she is a project manager of International Science and Technology Center in
the area of plague epidemiology and epizootology in natural mountain transboundary
area located in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan. As a result of team work with Karakol
anti-plague department big area of 5600 km2 of difficult to reach highland area was
investigated: its epizootological and parasitological state was estimated first after 25-
30 years. Comparative analysis with archive data is in the process.
e:
sarieva.g@iksu.kg