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Journal of Brain and Neurology | Volume 3
allied
academies
March 14-16, 2019 | London, UK
12th International Conference on
8th International Conference on
Vascular Dementia and Dementia
Neurological Disorders and Stroke
Joint Event
&
Recent studies of the human brain connectivity alterations
using resting-state/sleep functional magnetic resonance
imaging (rsfMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and, more
recently diffusion spectroscopic imaging (DSI) data have
advanced and enlarged our knowledge on the organization
of large-scale structural and functional brain networks, which
consist of spatially distributed, but functionally linked regions
that continuously share information. Brain’s energy is largely
consumed at rest during spontaneous neuronal activity (~20%),
while task-related increases in metabolism energy are minor
(<5%). Spontaneous low-frequency correlated fluctuations in
blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) rsfMRI signals at the
level of large-scale neural systems are not noise, but orderly and
organized in a series of functional networks that permanently
maintain a high level of temporal coherence among brain
areas that are structurally segregated and functionally linked
in resting-state networks (RSNs). Some RSNs are functionally
organized as dynamically competing systems both at rest and
during task-related experiments. The default mode network
(DMN), themost importantRSN, is involved inrealizationof tasks
like memory retrieval, emotional process, and social cognition.
Cortical connectivity at rest was reportedly altered in several
forms of dementia and psychiatric disorders. Most recently,
human brain function has been imaged in fMRI, and thereby
accessing both sides of the mind-brain interface (subjective
experience and objective observations) has simultaneously
been performed. As such, functional neuroimaging moves onto
new potential applications like reading the brain states, brain-
computer interfaces, liedetection, aso. Thepresent contribution
aims to highlight the fundamentals and review the up-to-date
findings in imagingmodalities dedicated to alterations in human
connectomics investigated by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for
white matter (WM) and rsfMRI for grey matter (GM) studies,
respectively, with direct impact on diagnostics and prognostics
of dementia.
Speaker Biography
Radu Mutihac, Chair of Medical Physics, University of Bucharest, and works in
Neuroscience, Signal Processing, Microelectronics, and Artificial Intelligence. He
has conducted his research at the University of Bucharest, International Centre for
Theoretical Physics (Italy), Ecole Polytechnique (France), Institut Henri Poincaré
(France), KU Leuven (Belgium). Data mining and exploratory analysis of neuroimaging
timeserieswereaddressedduringtwoFulbrightGrants inNeuroscience(YaleUniversity,
CT, and University of New Mexico, NM, USA). His research in fused biomedical imaging
modalities was carried out at the Johns Hopkins University, National Institutes of
Health, and Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, MD, USA. He published over 120
scientific papers in reputed peer-reviewed journals, 12 monographs, and contributed
with chapters in other 11 textbooks published by renowned scientific publishing
houses. Following his scientific activity, He has also been nominated as Member of
the Editorial Board of 8 journals in the field of Neuroscience: J. Romanian College of
Medical Physicists, J. Childhood & Developmental Disorders, J. Neurology and Clinical
Neuroscience, Medical and Clinical Reviews, J. of Translational Neurosciences, Epilepsy
J., The Neurologist - Clinical and Therapeutics J., and Advances in Neurology and
Neuroscience.
e:
Radu Mutihac
University of Bucharest, Romania
Human connectome alterations in Dementia at rest