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Virology research J 2017 Vol 1 Issue 2
July 26-27, 2017 | Vancouver, Canada
WORLD CONFERENCE ON STDs, STIs & HIV/AIDS
allied
academies
Background:
A hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and
Hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive mother has up to a
90% likelihood of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of
hepatitis B virus (HBV) to newborns in the absence of any
prophylaxis or antiviral therapy utilization. However, routine
antenatal screening and intervention strategies are not yet
practiced in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study was conducted
to determine the prevalence, infectivity and associated risk
factors of HBV among pregnant women.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted from
October 2015 to august 2016 in Yirgalem Hospital. A total of
475 pregnant women were recruited consecutively. Data on
socio-demography and potential risk factors were collected
using a structured questionnaire. In addition, blood samples
were tested for HBsAg. Positive HBsAg samples were tested
for HBeAg using a commercially available strip test. The
status of HIV was collected from the records. The data
were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical
package.
Results:
Among the total study participants 35.4% were
aware of MTCT, 15.6% were previously screened and only
0.6% had taken full dose vaccine for HBV. Thirty-four women
(7.2%) were HBsAg-positive, of whom 27(76.5%) were
positive to HBeAg. The prevalence of HIV infection was
10.1% (48/475). Overall, HBV/HIV co-infection rate was 2.1 %
(10/475). Women with a history of multiple sexual partners
(aOR=2.92, 95%CI=1.19-7.16) and being HIV positive
(aOR= 4.44, 95%CI=1.96-10.08) were the only independent
predictors of HBsAg positivity.
Conclusions:
High prevalence of HBsAg and coexisting with
HBeAg, in addition to low awareness and practice suggests
that MTCT might be the prevailing mode of HBV transmission
in the study area. Thus screening of all pregnant women and
provision of health education about the risk factors, the
mode of transmission and prevention is recommended.
e:
ant.amsalu@gmail.com.
Prevalence, infectivity and associated risk factors of Hepatitis B virus among pregnant women in
YirgalemHospital, SouthernEthiopia: Implicationof screening to controlmother-to-child transmission?
Anteneh Amsalu
1
*, Getachew Ferede
2
, Setegn Eshetie
3
, Agete Tadiwos
4
and
Demissie Assegu
4
University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
University of Gondar, Gondar Ethiopia
Hawassa University, Hawassa Ethiopia
Variable host cell viral affinity due to distinct and multiple number of HIV variants remains challenges
in management and control of HIV/AIDS
A H Bandivdekar
National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, India
H
uman immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) binds different
host cell receptors including human Mannose Receptor
(hMR), DC-SIGN, Galactosyl Ceramide, Syndecan-Syndecan-3
Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan receptors as well as immune
cells. HIV is known to be sexually transmitted by binding
to hMR on human sperm, vaginal epithelial which are
devoid of conventional CD4 receptor. Localization of hMR
was found to be in lower number of vaginal epithelial cells
of HIV negative female partner of serodiscordant couples
as compared to normal females suggesting association
of hMR in sexual transmission of HIV. Additionally poor
proof reading activity HIV results in to presence of distinct
and multiple DNA and RNA variants in different cells and
secretions of the same individual. Genotypic and phenotypic
characterization of C2-V3 region of HIV1 C
env
gene in
PBMCs, sperm, vaginal epithelial cells and cervical cells
showed presence of distinct variants in the same individual
with variable infectivity with different numbers of N-linked
glycosylation (NLG) sites suggesting variation in coreceptor
affinity in different cells of same individual which may
influence disease progression and risk of HIV transmission.
Additionally genotypic characterization of HIV1 gp41 by
next generation sequencing showed presence of multiple
variants in blood of the same individual. Presence of distinct
and multiple variants in different cells and secretions may
influence the viral affinity to host and immune cells and
therefore may affect HIV transmission, infectivity, response
to antiretroviral drug therapy and pathogenicity. Presence of
cell associated DNA virus and cell free RNA virus suggests
the need for development of effective vaccine which elicit
both cell mediated as well as humeral; immune responses.
Also development of formulation for prevention of sexual
transmission of HIV need to be primarily prevent HIV binding
to hMR, CXCR4 and CCR5 coreceptor which may be safe
microbicide for prevention of HIV transmission.
e:
batmaram@gmail.com