pharmaceutical-sciences-2019-keynote

4 / 4

allied
academies
Page 15
Notes:
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | ISSN:2249-622X | Volume 9
July 05-06, 2019 | Paris, France
Pharmaceutics and Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
2nd International Conference and Exhibition on
Within global concerns of “metabolic diseases”,
exposures to radiations, chemicals and microbial
agents, the ineffective toxicological tests, the costly animal
tests, governmental restrictions on animals for drug discovery
and toxicity testing, new strategies are needed to reduce and
treat these acute and chronic diseases. There is no universally
acceptance of themechanisms by which radiations, chemicals
and microbial agents might contribute to the pathogenesis,
prevention and treatment of human diseases. Moreover, the
emphasis on “Precision” or “Personalized”Medicine, together
with the availability of sophisticated molecular technologies,
is starting to generate tons of data, only to be analyzed by
non-biologically-based algorisms. When humans are exposed
to any pharmacological or toxic agent, there are only three
mechanisms of responses: (a)mutagenesis by either “errors of
DNA repair” or “error of DNA replication”; (b) cytotoxicity by
necrosis, apoptosis, autophagy; and (c) epigenetic alteration
of gene expression at the transcriptional, translational or
posttranslational levels. While mutagenesis can affect human
health, only UV radiation is an effective point mutagen, while
ionizing radiation is a powerful chromosomal mutagen and
viruses can be insertion mutagens. One needs to realize
that there are three different cell types: stem cells, their
progenitors and the terminally differentiated cells, each with
different responses to these agents. While very controversial,
it will be postulated that, even though many chemicals can
induce oxidative stress, most natural and synthetic chemicals,
that contribute to birth defects, cancer, cardiovascular-
immunological-reproductive or neurological diseases, act
as epigenetic toxicants. Those drugs and chemo preventive
agents seem to act epigenetically to prevent or treat various
diseases.
The current use of human adult, organ specific stem cells,
grown in 3-dimension, will be shown to discover new drugs
and to test for toxicities, based on their upstream epigenetic
effects on either secreted- or gap junctional -intercellular
communication.
Speaker Biography
James E Trosko has completed his PhD at the age of 25 from Michigan
State University, USA. He is a Distinguished Emeritus Professor at
Michigan State University. He spent 3 years as a postdoctoral fellow at
Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Ernest Chu; Sheldon Wolff and
Richard Setlow. After joining Michigan State University, he obtained
an NCI- Career Development award; spent one year at the McArdle
Lab for Cancer Research at the University of Wisconsin under Van R.
Potter. Later he was Chief of Research at the Radiation Effects Research
Foundation for two years in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. He spent 2
years at Seoul National University as a Korean “World Class University
Professor”. He also spent one year at the ARNAS-Civico-Regional
Cancer Hospital in Palermo, Sicily. He has over 450 publications that
have been cited over 17,000 times, and his publication H-index is 62.
e:
James E Trosko
Michigan State University, USA
Epigenetic mechanisms in pharmacological drug discovery and
toxicity studies to predict the pathogenesis of human diseases in the
era of Precision Medicine and of the global metabolic disease crisis
James E Trosko, Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci, | ISSN: 2249-622X
Volume 9