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Journal of Materials Science and Nanotechnology | Volume: 3
March 20-21, 2019 | London, UK
Materials Science and Materials Chemistry
2
nd
International Conference on
T
he development of scaffolds has been possible by adopting
processing techniques such as electrospinning which is
simple, versatile and has the capability to produce nanofibers.
The spun nanofibers have submicron diameters structures
that mimics the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural human
tissue. The limitation with electrospinning lies in the scaffold
thickness and strength due to the nature of the process. Thus,
in most cases a combination of two or more processes in series
is adopted to overcome the problems. Processes such as fused
deposition modelling (FDM), three-dimensional (3D) printing
and vapor sintering are some of the options available. In some
cases, the electrospinning collector is redesigned and modified,
the cold plate collector is used instead of the rotating collector.
In this particular study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) which has good
mechanical, chemical and thermal stability is combined with
maghemite nanoparticles whose function is to enhance cell
growth. The fundamental corrugated shape was produced
via fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing using
commercialized PVA (partially hydrolysed PVA) as the filament
material which ultimately becomes the template for the next
step. The formed template was then placed into the mould
packed with the required fully hydrolydsed PVA/maghemite
(γ-Fe2O3) solution. Upon solidification the whole structure was
submerged in water where dissolution of partially hydrolysed
PVA template occurred. The new 3D formed structure which
takes the shape of the template was then further layered with
electrospun PVA/maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanofibers by placing
onto the rotating collector of electrospinning machine. The
resultant final 3D scaffold possessed bothmilli andmicroporous
internal structure with a nanoporous external structure
due to the electrospun layer. Mechanical analysis revealed
sufficient compressive strength greater than 75MPa and a
Young’s modulus of approximately 1.5 GPa, which satisfies the
anticipated range for hard tissue engineering scaffolds. In vitro
test revealed human fibroblast cells can grow well inside and
outside the 3D scaffold indicating cell growth is facilitated as
intended.
Speaker Biography
Ani Binti Idris is a Professor in the Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering,
Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and also
holds a cross appointment as a Fellow in Institute of Bioproduct Development. She is also
a founder of MEMTEC PLT a spinoff company of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. She was
awarded as Malaysia Top Research Scientist in 2015. She is a Chartered Chemical Engineer
and also a Professional Engineer. She has published more than 140 impact factor journals
relating to her research area, obtained over 2253 citations, H- index 26 and has 6 patents
granted.
e:
aniidris@utm.myAni Binti Idris
Ngadiman N H A
and
Yusof N M
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia
3D Biofabrication of polyvinyl alcohol/maghemite nanofiber scaffold for hard tissues