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Infectious Diseases Congress 2019
Journal of Bacteriology and Infectious Diseases | Volume 3
June 12-13, 2019 | Bangkok, Thailand
OF EXCELLENCE
IN INTERNATIONAL
MEETINGS
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BACTERIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES
2
nd
Global Congress on
J Bacteriol Infec Dis 2019, Volume 3
MECHANISMS AND MANAGEMENT OF INFLUENZA AND ITS RELATED PNEUMOCOCCAL
PNEUMONIA IN JAPAN
Masafumi Seki
Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan
I
nfluenza-related pneumonia is an important complication of influenza and it has been suggested that excessive
inflammatory reactions, including “cytokine storm”, may contribute to the mechanisms underlying severe pneu-
monia. Human data and mouse model which co-infected with influenza virus and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
show
increased severity of illness caused by the elevation of cytokines/chemokines and mice with genetic knock-out
of immune molecules such as Toll-like receptor-related IRAK-M also show hyper-immune responses and reduced
survival following influenza virus infection. Such findings suggest that innate immune responses and excessive
neutrophil activation might be related to severe inflammatory changes in the lungs, and immune-modulatory
therapy, including macrolides may thus be effective against severe influenza-related pneumonia. In Japan, author
had five anti-influenza agents and could choose each agent dependent on influenza and pneumonia severity.
Among them, peramivir can be administered by drip infusion and used not only for the most severe patients but
also for the ambulatory outpatients who have some medical issues. In addition, new anti-influenza agent: ‘Bal-
oxavir marboxil’ which is ‘Cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor’ has been started to use. The insurance system
supports early administration of themwith antibiotics and as a result, they might be able to have very low influen-
za-related mortality. Today, their management style for influenza, including vaccination and infection control team
activity will be introduced.