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allied
academies
September 10-11, 2018 | Paris, France
&
Joint Event
Otolaryngology: ENT Surgery
6th International Conference on
Cell & Stem Cell Research
World Congress and Expo on
Journal of Otolaryngology Online Journal | Volume 8
Alexander V Galazyuk
Northeast Ohio Medical University, USA
From a basic science phenomenon to a potential tinnitus treatment
Despite the ubiquity of tinnitus, its pathophysiology is poorly
understoodand there is noFDAapprovedcureor treatment.
Formore than100 years, however, it has been known that a long
soundstimulus canbrieflyeliminateor reduce tinnitus (Spaulding,
1903), aphenomenonknownas residual inhibition. About 80%of
patientswith tinnitusdescribe somedegreeof residual inhibition,
but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Knowledge
about this natural internal ability to suppress tinnitus by a sound
might shed light onbrainabnormalities leading to tinnitus.More
importantly, it might help to identify therapeutic strategies for
tinnitus treatment. There isbasicagreement among scientists that
elevated spontaneous activity in the auditory system is linked to
tinnitus.Our research inmicehasdemonstratedthatneurons inthe
central auditory systemshowa suppressionof their spontaneous
activity immediately after presentation of a 30-second sound.
The duration of this suppression is long-lasting, resembling the
duration of residual inhibition in humans. There are additional
striking similaritiesbetween thenatureof this suppression inmice
and the basic features of residual inhibition observed in tinnitus
patients. These similarities strongly suggest that this suppression
could be an underlying mechanism of residual inhibition.
Our most recent work is aimed to reproduce the effects of long
sounds by found that a class of neurochemical
receptors-metabotropic glutamate receptors-play a key role in the
sound-induced suppressionof spontaneous activity. Furthermore, the
drugs targeting thesemetabotropic glutamate receptors, administered
systemically, can reversibly suppress both spontaneous activity of
auditory neurons aswell as tinnitus in tinnitus-positivemice, for at
least twohours.Weareexploringwhether thesedrugs couldprovide
apotential therapeutic approach for tinnitus suppression inhumans.
Supported by grants R01 DC011330 and 1F31DC013498-01A1
from the National Institute on Deafness and other Communication
Disorders.
Speaker Biography
Alexander V Galazyuk accepted an appointment as assistant professor at the Northeast
OhioMedical University in Rootstown, Ohio, where he is currently an associate professor of
Neurobiology. He has worked in the field of auditory neuroscience throughout his career.
Much of his research was focused on the brain mechanisms underlying our ability to
analyse precise timing information in sounds.
e:
Alexander V Galazyuk, ENT and Stem Cell 2018, Volume 8
DOI: 10.4066/2250-0359-C1-001
Notes: