dental-congress-2019-posters-abstracts

Note:

Dental Congress 2019

Journal of Clinical Dentistry and Oral Health | Volume 3

Page 56

OF EXCELLENCE

IN INTERNATIONAL

MEETINGS

YEARS

April 15-16, 2019 | Milan, Italy

DENTISTRY

AND ORAL HEALTH

International Conference on

J Clin Dentistry Oral Health 2019, Volume 3

TELOMERASE EXPRESSION AND ACTIVITY IN ORAL PRE-CANCER AND CANCER

PATIENTS OF NORTH INDIAN POPULATION

Shaista Suhail

King George’s Medical University, India

s a cancer population is increasing sharply, the incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) has

also been expected to increase. Oral carcinogenesis is a highly complex, multistep process which involves

accumulation of genetic alterations that lead to the induction of proteins promoting cell growth (encoded by

oncogenes) increased enzymatic (telomerase) activity promoting cancer cell proliferation. Telomerase activity

has been readily found in most cancer biopsies, in premalignant lesions or in germ cells. Activity of telomerase

is generally absent in normal tissues. It is known to be induced upon immortalization or malignant transfor-

mation of human cells such as in oral cancer cells. Maintenance of telomeres plays an essential role during

transformation of pre-cancer tomalignant stage. Mammalian telomeres, a specialized nucleoprotein structures

are composed of large concatemers of the guanine-rich sequence 5-TTAGGG-3. The roles of telomeres in regu-

lating both stability of genome and replicative immortality seems to contribute in essential ways in cancer initi-

ation and progression. Its expression will also prove to be an important diagnostic tool as well as a novel target

for cancer therapy. Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that synthesizes telomeres, the specialized struc-

tures containing unique simple repetitive sequences (TTAGGG in vertebrate) at the end of chromosomes. The

enzyme compensates for the end replication problem and allows cells to proliferate indefinitely. The study was

done to investigate the presence of telomerase activity in Oral leukoplakia (OL) and Oral Squamous Cell Carci-

noma (OSCC) by TRAP assay. Telomerase activity was detectable in 18 of 20 human OSCC and 7 of 20 OL tissues.

The expression of telomerase in the premalignant lesions was associated with phenotypic progression, the de-

gree of dysplasia. Recent studies, using the TRAP assay have shown that telomerase is activated in most human

cancer tissues but not in most normal tissues and tissues adjacent to malignant or benign tumors. These results

indicate that telomerase is activated frequently during the late stage of oral pre-malignancy and may play a

crucial role in OSCC. There are no drugs which can effect extremely to treat oral cancers. There is a general call

for new emerging drugs or methods that are highly effective towards cancer treatment possess low toxicity

and have a minor environment impact. Some novel natural products also offer opportunities for innovation in

drug discovery. Natural compounds isolated from medicinal plants, as rich sources of novel anticancer drugs

have been of increasing interest with some enzyme (telomerase) blockage property. The alarming reports of

cancer cases increase the awareness amongst the clinicians and researchers pertaining to investigate newer

drug with low toxicity.