4 / 5
allied
academies
OBESITY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
VACCINES AND IMMUNOLOGY
&
International Conference on
International Conference on
J u n e 2 8 - 2 9 , 2 0 1 8 | A m s t e r d a m , N e t h e r l a n d s
Asian Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
|
Volume 8
ISSN:
2249-622X
Page 28
Note:
Joint Event on
I
nsulin resistance serves as the major mechanism for the development of
obesity, which is pandemic in population worldwide over the past decades,
largely owing to over nutrition. Excess energy stores in the adipose tissue and
other organs as lipids, promoting lipotoxicity and metabolic inflammation,
activating intracellular protein kinases to impair insulin signaling components,
and resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is the key etiologic
defect that defines “metabolic syndrome”, a group of interrelated disorders,
including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Following
insulin resistance, many of patients with the metabolic syndrome eventually
developed pancreatic β-cell failure, which triggers the onset of type 2 diabetes
mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Our cell- and animal-based studies
demonstrate that insulin and its signaling cascades normally control cell
growth, metabolism and survival through activation of mitogen-activated
protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphotidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), of which
activation of PI-3K-associated with insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 (IRS1,
2) and subsequent Akt→Foxo1 phosphorylation cascade has a central role in
control of nutrient homeostasis and organ survival. Inactivation of Akt and
activation of Foxo1, through suppression IRS1 and IRS2 in a variety of organs
following over nutrition, lipotoxicity, and inflammation may form a fundamental
mechanism for insulin resistance in humans. This seminar discusses the basis
of insulin signaling, resistance, and how excess nutrients and lipid signaling
from obesity promotes inflammation and insulin resistance, promoting organ
failure with emphasis on the IRS and the forkhead/winged-helix transcription
factor Foxo1.
Biography
Shaodong Guo is Associate Professor in the
Department of Nutrition and Food Science at
Texas A&M University College. He serves as Se-
nior Editor for the
Journal of Endocrinology
and
Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
, two major
official journals of Endocrine Society of Europe,
UK and Australia, and he is the textbook chapter
writer for metabolic syndrome edited by Rexford
Ahima and published by Springer in 2016. His lab
research focuses on insulin/glucagon and estro-
gen signal transduction, insulin resistance, gene
transcriptional control of nutrient homeostasis,
and cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
Shaodong.guo@tamu.eduDISEASE MECHANISMS AND
DIETARY INTERVENTION FOR
OBESITY AND T2DM
Shaodong Guo
Texas A&M University, USA
Shaodong Guo, Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci 2018, Volume 8 | DOI: 10.4066/2249-622X-C1-001