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Journal of Chemical Technology and Applications
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Volume 2
J Chem Tech App 2018, Volume 2
FROM ISS TO THE DEEP SPACE GATEWAY AND BEYOND: KEY TRENDS IN
HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT SOLUTIONS
Eugenio Gargioli
Thales Alenia Space, Italy
T
he January 2018 GER (Global Exploration Roadmap) introduces the concept of the Deep Space Gateway (DSG) as the next
step beyond LEO in the Human Space Exploration. Planned for buildup in the first half of 2020s, the DSG is conceived around
two key elements, a Power Propulsion Element and a Habitat Module, complemented by an Airlock, a Robotic Arm, possible
Refueling Element and logistic carriers. It will be used as a platform in cislunar environment to host the crew of Orion during its
regular visits of about one month once per year, and as an outpost for missions to/from Moon. Starting in the second half of the
next decade, it might act as well as an orbital base for final outfitting of the next generation Habitats (Deep Space Transport,
DST) which will support longer human journeys into deep space and towards Mars. Leveraging on the large know-how acquired
in the development of the several pressurized modules built for the ISS, Thales Alenia Space is actively working in designing the
new generation of deep space Habitats, accounting for a proper balance between heritage and innovation, to ensure fulfilment
of relevant technical and programmatic, e.g. schedule, requirements. This paper will analyze which key differences in objectives
and scenario of the cislunar DSG Habitat impact its design with respect to the solutions adopted for ISS Modules: launch and
assembly approach, environment, interior design for enhanced ergonomics, software architecture. The evolution of the Habitat
for the second phase of the deep space exploration (the so-called Deep Space Transport) will also be drawn, to an even more
‘human-centered’ design, with improved habitat autonomy, for mission sustainability and reliability. The DSG will also be the first
potential ‘test bench’ for demonstration of key technologies for deep space exploration in a representative environment.