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Cryptography

Cryptology or cryptography, is the study and practice of techniques for safer communication within the presence of third parties also called as adversaries. Cryptography is about protocol analyzing and construction which prevents adversaries or the general public from reading private messages; various aspects in information security like data integrity, data confidentiality, authentication, and non-repudiation are central to modern cryptography. Modern cryptography exists at the intersection of the disciplines of mathematics, computing, EE, communication science, and physics. Cryptography applications include chip-based payment cards, digital currencies, electronic commerce, computer passwords, and military communications.

Cryptography before the fashionable age was effectively synonymous with encryption, the conversion of data from a readable state to apparent nonsense. The originator of an encrypted message shares the decoding technique only with intended recipients to preclude access from adversaries. The cryptography literature often uses the names Alice ("A") for the sender, Bob ("B") for the intended recipient, and Eve for the adversary. 

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