Stem cell therapy for the treatment of severe tissue damage after radiation exposure

doi:10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C8-021

Stem cell therapy for the treatment of severe tissue damage after radiation exposure

Joint Event on International Conference on Molecular Biology, Tissue Science and Regenerative Medicine & 4^th World Heart Congress
November 19-20, 2018 | Paris, France

Alain Chapel

Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, France

Keynote : Biomed Res

DOI: 10.4066/biomedicalresearch-C8-021

Abstract:

The late adverse effects of pelvic radiotherapy concern 5 to 10% of them, which could be life threatening. However, a clear medical consensus concerning the clinical management of such healthy tissue sequelae does not exist. Our group has demonstrated in preclinical animal models that systemic MSC injection is a promise approach for the medical management of gastrointestinal disorder after irradiation. We have shown that MSC migrate to damaged tissues and restore gut functions after irradiation. The clinical status of four first patients suffering from severe pelvic side effects resulting from an over-dosage was improved following MSC injection in a compassional situation. A quantity of 2x106 - 6x106 MSC/kg were infused intravenously to the patients. Pain, hemorrhage, frequency of diarrhoeas and fistulisation as well as the lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were evaluated before MSC therapy and during the follow-up. Two patients revealed a substantiated clinical response for pain and haemorrhage after MSC therapy. In one patient pain reappeared after 6 months and again substantially responded on a second MSC infusion. A beginning fistulisation process could be stopped in one patient resulting in a stable remission for more than 3 years of follow-up. The frequency of painful diarrhea diminished from an average of 6/d to 3/d after the first and 2/d after the 2nd MSC injection in one patient. In all patients, prostate cancer remained in stable complete remission. A modulation of the lymphocyte subsets towards a regulatory pattern and diminution of activated T cells accompanies the clinical response in refractory irradiation-induced colitis. No toxicity occurred. MSC therapy was safe and effective on pain, diarrhea, haemorrhage, inflammation, fibrosis and limited fistulisation. For patients with refractory chronic inflammatory and fistulising bowel diseases, systemic MSC injections represent a safe option for salvage therapy. A clinical phase II trial will start in 2018.

Biography:

Alain Chapel has been developing gene and cell therapy using non-human primates, immune-tolerant mice and rats to protect against the side effects of radiation. He collaborates with clinicians to develop strategies for treatment of patients after radiotherapy overexposures. He has participated in the first establishment of proof of concept of the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for the treatment of hematopoietic deficit, radiodermatitis and over dosages of radiotherapy. He has contributed to the first reported correction of deficient hematopoiesis in patients (graft failure and aplastic anemia) thanks to intravenous injection of MSCs restoring the bone marrow microenvironment, mandatory to sustain hematopoiesis after total body irradiation. He is scientific investigator of clinical phase II trial evaluating the efficacy of systemic MSC injections for the treatment of severe and chronic radiotherapy-induced abdomino-pelvic complications refractory to standard therapy.

E-mail: alain.chapel@irsn.fr

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