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Periodontal disease and coronary plaque vulnerability-Insights from the the ATHERODENT Study
2nd International Conference on Dental Health and Oral Hygiene
September 05-06, 2019 | London, UK
Carmen Ioana Biris
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu Mures, Romania
Scientific Tracks Abstracts : J Clin Dentistry Oral Health
Abstract:
The role of periodontal disease (PD) as a mediator of systemic
inflammation has been well established. At the same time, PD
has been recognized to play a significant role in progression
of cardiovascular diseases, being associated with the severity
of coronary artery lesions. However, its association with highrisk
atheromatous plaque in the coronary arteries has not
been elucidated so far. The purpose of the ATHERODENT trial
(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03395041) was to evaluate
the interrelation between severity of periodontal disease (PD)
and coronary plaque vulnerability, in patients with unstable
angina.
Methods: So far, 52 patients with unstable angina were
enrolled in the ATHERODENT clinical trial, who underwent:
(1) complex dental examination for assessment of periodontal
diseases as expressed by periodontal index (PI) and (2)
coronary computed tomography angiography for analysis of
morphology, composition and vulnerability features of the
culprit coronary plaques causing myocardial ischemia.
Results: The total PI was directly correlated with the total amount
of calcium in the coronary arteries, as expressed by coronary
calcium score (r=0.45, p=0.0008). Coronary calcium score was
significantly higher in patients with hight PI (505.29±478.64
vs 93.82±233.0,p=0.0001). Similarly, patients with high PI
presented a significantly higher plaque volume in lesions causing
ischemia (p=0.019), and a larger volume of non-calcified plaque
(p=0.002). At the same time, we assessed several features of
high risk in coronary plaques such as positive remodeling, low
density atheroma, spotty calcification and napkin-ring sign.
Interestingly, patients with high risk atheormatous plaques
presented more severe PD as expressed by the loss of gingival
attachments (3.6±2.91 vs. 1.66±1.8, p=0.009), papillary bleeding
index (4.5±3.06 vs. 2.04±1.96, p=0.002) and total PI (28.20±13.34
vs. 18.71±11.31, p=0.001) than those with low risk plaques.
Conclusions: Presence of periodontal disease is associated
with a more vulnerable phenotype of the atheromatous
plaques causing an acute coronary event. Patients with
high-risk features of the culprit coronary plaques present an
increased severity of the PD as compared to patients with
low-risk atheromatous lesions. These indicate that PD could
represent a maker of increased risk in patients with coronary
artery disease.
Biography:
Carmen Ioana Biris is the Assistant University Lecturer, University Lecturer, Associate Professor and Scientific Researcher at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Romania. She is also a Specialist General Dentist and a Specialist in Prosthodontics and Oral Rehabilitation. She has been a active participant in national and international dental meetings, symposiums and congresses.
E-mail: biriscarmen74@yahoo.com
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