DISEASE MECHANISMS AND DIETARY INTERVENTION FOR OBESITY AND T2DM

doi:10.4066/2249-622X-C1-001

DISEASE MECHANISMS AND DIETARY INTERVENTION FOR OBESITY AND T2DM

Joint Event on International Conference on OBESITY AND WEIGHT MANAGEMENT & International Conference on VACCINES AND IMMUNOLOGY
June 28-29, 2018 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Shaodong Guo

Texas A&M University, USA

Keynote : Asian J Biomed Pharmaceut Sci

DOI: 10.4066/2249-622X-C1-001

Abstract:

Insulin resistance serves as the major mechanism for the development of obesity, which is pandemic in population worldwide over the past decades, largely owing to over nutrition. Excess energy stores in the adipose tissue and other organs as lipids, promoting lipotoxicity and metabolic inflammation, activating intracellular protein kinases to impair insulin signaling components, and resulting in insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is the key etiologic defect that defines “metabolic syndrome”, a group of interrelated disorders, including obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Following insulin resistance, many of patients with the metabolic syndrome eventually developed pancreatic β-cell failure, which triggers the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its complications. Our cell- and animal-based studies demonstrate that insulin and its signaling cascades normally control cell growth, metabolism and survival through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphotidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), of which activation of PI-3K-associated with insulin receptor substrate-1 and -2 (IRS1, 2) and subsequent Akt→Foxo1 phosphorylation cascade has a central role in control of nutrient homeostasis and organ survival. Inactivation of Akt and activation of Foxo1, through suppression IRS1 and IRS2 in a variety of organs following over nutrition, lipotoxicity, and inflammation may form a fundamental mechanism for insulin resistance in humans. This seminar discusses the basis of insulin signaling, resistance, and how excess nutrients and lipid signaling from obesity promotes inflammation and insulin resistance, promoting organ failure with emphasis on the IRS and the forkhead/winged-helix transcription factor Foxo1.

Biography:

Shaodong Guo is Associate Professor in the Department of Nutrition and Food Science at Texas A&M University College. He serves as Senior Editor for the Journal of Endocrinology and Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, two major official journals of Endocrine Society of Europe, UK and Australia, and he is the textbook chapter writer for metabolic syndrome edited by Rexford Ahima and published by Springer in 2016. His lab research focuses on insulin/glucagon and estrogen signal transduction, insulin resistance, gene transcriptional control of nutrient homeostasis, and cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.

Email: Shaodong.guo@tamu.edu

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