+44-1518-081136Biogenic nano fertilizer for sustainable green future
3rd Annual Congress on Plant Biology & Agricultural Sciences
April 04, 2022 | Webinar
J. C. Tarafdar
ICAR Emeritus Scientist, India
Keynote : J Agric Sci Bot
Abstract:
Different nanomaterial can be synthesized through biological means to enhance plant productivity, nutrient use efficiency, stress management, soil health management and environmental protection. Biosynthesized nano-nutrients application in agriculture may serve as an opportunity to achieve sustainability towards global food production. Important benefits of nanonutrients over conventional chemical fertilizers rely on nutrient delivery system. For example, nutrient can be released over 40-50 days in a slow-release fashion rather than 4-10 days by the conventional fertilizers. The nutrient use efficiency also improved by 2-20 times, therefore, nutrient requirements is less as well as reduces the need for transportation and application costs. Moreover, by using small quantities soil does not get loaded with salts that usually are prone to over application using conventional fertilizer. Nanonutrients also can be used as nanobioformulations. The formulations containing one or more beneficial microorganisms after blending of required nanoparticles to enhance soil productivity. Nanobioformulations can be helpful to enhance the stability of biofertilizers with respect to desiccation, heat and UV inactivation. It can also solve some limitations of biofertilizers such as ease to handling, enhanced stability, protection against oxidation, retention of volatile ingredients, taste making, consecutive delivery of multiple active ingredients etc. In general, biosynthesized nanomaterial mobilizes 30% more native nutrient than conventional fertilizer application. The average improvement of yield, irrespective of crops and soil types, varies between 24-32% as compared to 12-18% under chemical fertilizers. Nanomaterial, with a particle size less than 100 nm, influences key life events of the plants that include seed germination, seedling vigor, root initiation, stress management, growth and photosynthesis to flowering. Additionally, nanomaterial have been implicated in the protection of plants against oxidative stress as they mimic the role of antioxidative enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POX). But in spite of all these, nanomaterial and nanobioformulations should be applied as recommended doses; because at higher rate of application have been proved to be phytotoxicity as they enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The elevated level of ROS may damage the cellular membranes, proteins and nucleic acids. The uptake rate of nanonutrients by plants also depends on their shape and sizes. In general, small sizes of nanoparticles can be penetrating through the cuticle while larger nanoparticles can penetrate through cuticle-free areas such as hydathodes, the stigma of flowers and stomata. Nanonutrients may be applied both on soils and on leaves as foliar. This can also be applied through drip, hydroponic, aqua and aeroponic. With recommended doses of application, it can be envisaged to become major economic driving force and benefit consumer and farmers with no detrimental effect on the ecosystem.
Biography:
Dr. J. C. Tarafdar did his M. Sc. and Ph. D. degrees in Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry from Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi and Post Doctorate from Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany. He got merit scholarship throughout his academic periods. Dr. Tarafdar has made original and well recognized contribution on mobilization of native phosphorus. He has developed an in-vivo filter paper technique for phosphatase estimation. His developed biological phosphorus (Bio-phos) fertilizer is now promoting by State Government of Rajasthan. He is the first in the world successfully developed biosynthesized nano nutrients and nano induced polysaccharide powder for agricultural use. He also developed a sequential P fractionation scheme and a rapid method for assessment of plant residue quality. Dr. Tarafdar has pioneered in finding out the origin of different phosphatase fractions and also developed a potential biological indicator. He has developed many new techniques now used in Soil Biology. The most notable are: Visual demonstration technique of germinating AM spore, Soil solarization technique for mass scale production of AM fungi, Freeze-drying technique to understand nutrient movement and Electrofoccusing technique to demonstrate the origin of enzymes. Dr. Tarafdar has traveled and lectured widely in many countries and published 368 research articles in national and international journals which include 38 book chapters and four books. He has four patents and 73 new organisms in his credit.
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