Current Trends in Cardiology

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Mini Review - Current Trends in Cardiology (2024) Volume 8, Issue 2

Understanding Ischemic Heart Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Elizabeth Benedict *

Department of Heart diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.

*Corresponding Author:
Elizabeth Benedict
Department of Heart diseases
Wroclaw Medical University
Poland
E-mail: bettysanga@promail.com

Received:26-Jan-2024,Manuscript No. AACC-24-135470; Editor assigned:29-Jan-2024,PreQC No. AACC-24-135470(PQ); Reviewed:12-Feb-2024,QC No. AACC-24-135470; Revised:16-Feb-2024, Manuscript No. AACC-24-135470(R); Published:23-Feb-2024,DOI:10.35841/aacc-8.2.248

Citation: Benedict E. Understanding ischemic heart disease: causes, symptoms, and treatment. 2024;8(2):248.

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Introduction

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), also known as coronary artery disease (CAD), is a condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle due to the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries. This reduction in blood flow can cause chest pain (angina), heart attacks (myocardial infarctions), and other serious cardiovascular complications. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for ischemic heart disease is crucial for managing and preventing this life-threatening condition. [1,2].

The primary cause of ischemic heart disease is atherosclerosis, a process in which fatty deposits, or plaques, build up on the inner walls of the arteries. This plaque buildup can restrict blood flow or lead to the formation of blood clots, which can further block the arteries. Several risk factors contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease:Elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol contribute to plaque formation in the arteries. Conversely, high levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol can help reduce the risk. [3,4].

High blood pressure can damage the arterial walls, making them more susceptible to plaque buildup.Tobacco use significantly increases the risk of atherosclerosis by damaging the lining of the arteries and reducing the amount of oxygen in the blood.Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis and increases the risk of ischemic heart disease due to the damage high blood sugar levels cause to blood vessels.Excess body weight is associated with higher levels of cholesterol, increased blood pressure, and diabetes, all of which are risk factors for ischemic heart disease. [5,6].

Lack of physical activity contributes to obesity, high blood pressure, and unfavorable cholesterol levels.Diets high in saturated fats, trans fats, and sugars can lead to increased cholesterol levels and obesity.A family history of heart disease can increase an individual's risk due to genetic predisposition.The risk of ischemic heart disease increases with age. Men are generally at higher risk at a younger age compared to women, though the risk for women increases after menopause.[7,8].

The symptoms of ischemic heart disease vary depending on the severity and extent of the arterial blockage. Common symptoms include. This is the most common symptom and is typically described as a pressure, squeezing, or burning sensation in the chest. Angina can be stable (occurring during physical exertion or stress) or unstable (occurring at rest and more severe).Reduced blood flow to the heart can lead to shortness of breath, especially during physical activity or exertion.A complete blockage of a coronary artery can cause a heart attack, leading to symptoms such as severe chest pain, pain radiating to the arm or jaw, sweating, nausea, and lightheadedness.Individuals with ischemic heart disease may experience unusual fatigue, especially during activities that were previously well-tolerated.

 

Irregular heartbeats or a feeling of fluttering in the chest can be a symptom of ischemic heart disease.Reduced blood flow to the heart can lead to feelings of dizziness or lightheadedness.Diagnosing ischemic heart disease involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Common diagnostic tests include. this test records the electrical activity of the heart and can detect abnormalities indicative of ischemic heart disease. [9,10]

Conclusion

 

Ischemic heart disease remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Understanding its causes, recognizing its symptoms, and pursuing effective treatment options are crucial for managing the disease and improving outcomes. Through a combination of lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgical interventions, individuals can reduce their risk and lead healthier, longer lives. Awareness and proactive management are key to combating ischemic heart disease and enhancing overall cardiovascular health.

 

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