Research and Reports in Immunology

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Opinion Article - Research and Reports in Immunology (2023) Volume 6, Issue 3

The role of immunopathology in cancer

Ioana agache*

Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia Erandio, Bilbao, Spain.

*Corresponding Author:
Ioana agache
Department of Allergy and Immunology
Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia Erandio, Bilbao, Spain.
E-mail: Ioanagache@gmail.com

Received: 29-May-2023, Manuscript No. AARRI-23-102816; Editor assigned: 01-Jun-2023, Pre QC No. AARRI-23-102816(PQ); Reviewed: 15-Jun-2023, QC No. AARRI-23-102816; Revised: 19-Jun-2023, Manuscript No. AARRI-23-102816(R); Published: 26-Jun-2023, DOI:10.35841/aarri-6.3.154

Citation: Agache I. The role of immunopathology in cancer. Res Rep Immunol. 2023; 6(3):154

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Introduction

Immunopathology encompasses a wide range of diseases and conditions, including autoimmune disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, immuno deficiencies, and transplant rejection. These conditions arise when the immune system fails to maintain a delicate balance between recognizing and eliminating foreign substances while preserving self-tolerance. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body's own tissues [1]. This can result from the loss of self-tolerance or the development of autoantibodies that target self-antigens. Examples of autoimmune diseases include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematous, and multiple sclerosis. Hypersensitivity reactions involve exaggerated immune responses to harmless substances, leading to tissue damage. These reactions are classified into four types: Type I (immediate hypersensitivity), Type II (antibody-mediated hypersensitivity), Type III (immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity), and Type IV (cellmediated hypersensitivity). Allergy and anaphylaxis are examples of Type I hypersensitivity, while autoimmune haemolytic anaemia represents Type II hypersensitivity. Immuno deficiencies arise when the immune system is impaired, rendering individuals susceptible to recurrent infections or cancers. Primary immuno deficiencies are typically genetic, whereas secondary immuno deficiencies can be acquired due to factors like infections, medications, or malnutrition [2]. Common examples of immunodeficiency disorders include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Transplant rejection occurs when the recipient's immune system recognizes the transplanted organ or tissue as foreign and launches an immune response against it. This response involves both cellular and humoral components and can lead to graft failure. Transplant immunopathology aims to understand the mechanisms underlying rejection and develop strategies to promote graft acceptance. Immunopathology plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of diseases and their underlying mechanisms [3]. By studying the immune system's aberrant responses, researchers and clinicians can develop targeted therapies to modulate immune function and alleviate disease burden. Immuno pathological techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and flow cytometer, aid in disease diagnosis and classification. They provide insights into the specific immune cell populations involved in disease processes, facilitating personalized treatment approaches. Immunopathology has paved the way for the development of novel immunotherapies [4,5].

Conclusion

Monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and adoptive cell therapies have revolutionized the management of conditions like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease, offering new hope to patients. Immunopathology contributes to the emerging field of precision medicine by enabling the identification of predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This personalized approach allows clinicians to tailor treatment strategies based on an individual's immune profile, optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

References

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