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Opinion Article - Journal of Public Health Policy and Planning (2024) Volume 8, Issue 3

The Rise of Non-Communicable Diseases: A Statistical Overview

Pooja Roy *

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

*Corresponding Author:
Pooja Roy
Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara University, Turkey
E-mail: pojry@ankara.edu.tr

Received: 29-April-2024, Manuscript No. AAPHPP-24-142492; Editor assigned: 01- May -2024, PreQC No. AAPHPP-24-142492 (PQ); Reviewed:15- May-2024, QC No. AAPHPP-24-142492; Revised:20- May -2024, Manuscript No. AAPHPP-24-142492 (R); Published:27- May -2024, DOI:10.35841/ aaphpp-8.3.233

Citation: Roy P: The rise of non-communicable diseases: a statistical overview. J Public Health Policy Plan .2024;8(3):233

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Abstract

     

Introduction

In recent decades, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unlike infectious diseases, NCDs such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are not passed from person to person. Instead, they are often linked to lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, and environmental influences. This article delves into the statistical trends of NCDs, examining their prevalence, risk factors, and the global response to this burgeoning public health challenge [1].

Non-communicable diseases account for approximately 71% of all deaths globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). This equates to around 41 million deaths each year. Among these, cardiovascular diseases are the most prevalent, responsible for 17.9 million deaths annually, followed by cancers (9.3 million), respiratory diseases (4.1 million), and diabetes (1.5 million).The burden of NCDs is not uniformly distributed across the globe. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) bear a disproportionate share, with over 85% of premature deaths (those occurring between the ages of 30 and 69) from NCDs occurring in these regions. This disparity is attributed to a combination of factors, including limited access to healthcare, lower awareness of risk factors, and inadequate public health infrastructure [2].

Tobacco use is a leading cause of NCDs, accounting for more than 8 million deaths annually. It significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and several types of cancer. Despite global anti-smoking campaigns and policies, tobacco use remains prevalent, particularly in LMICs.Dietary habits play a crucial role in the onset of NCDs. Diets high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats contribute to hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The global shift towards processed and fast foods has exacerbated this issue, leading to an increase in diet-related [3].

A sedentary lifestyle is another major risk factor for NCDs. Physical inactivity is associated with higher risks of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and certain cancers. The WHO estimates that globally, 23% of adults and 81% of adolescents are not sufficiently active.Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to a range of health problems, including liver cirrhosis, certain cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. It is responsible for approximately 3 million deaths each year, with a significant proportion due to [4].

Air pollution is an emerging risk factor for NCDs, particularly for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The WHO reports that 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe air containing high levels of pollutants, contributing to over 4 million deaths annually.The economic burden of NCDs is substantial, affecting both individuals and societies at large. Direct costs include healthcare expenditures for treatment and management, while indirect costs encompass lost productivity due to illness and premature death. According to a WHO study, the cumulative economic losses to LMICs from the four major NCDs are projected to exceed $7 trillion over the period 2011-2025, undermining economic development and exacerbating poverty [5].

Addressing the rise of NCDs requires a multifaceted approach involving governments, healthcare systems, and communities. The WHO has spearheaded several initiatives, such as the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of NCDs 2013-2020, which outlines strategies to reduce the global burden of NCDs by 25% by 2025. Key strategies include [6].

Governments are encouraged to implement policies that promote healthy lifestyles and reduce risk factors. This includes taxation on tobacco and sugary beverages, regulations on food labeling, and urban planning that encourages physical activity.Public awareness campaigns and educational programs play a vital role in changing behaviors and reducing risk factors. Efforts focus on promoting healthy diets, regular physical activity, and the dangers of tobacco and alcohol use [7].

Improving access to early detection and effective treatment is crucial in reducing NCD-related mortality. This includes expanding healthcare coverage, strengthening primary care services, and ensuring the availability of essential medicines.Enhanced research and surveillance are needed to understand the epidemiology of NCDs better and to track progress in combating them. This involves investing in data collection, monitoring systems, and research into new treatments and interventions [8].

Tobacco use is a leading cause of NCDs, accounting for more than 8 million deaths annually. It significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and several types of cancer. Despite global anti-smoking campaigns and policies, tobacco use remains prevalent, particularly in LMICs.Dietary habits play a crucial role in the onset of NCDs. Diets high in salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats contribute to hypertension, obesity, and diabetes. The global shift towards processed and fast foods has exacerbated this issue, leading to an increase in diet-related NCDs [9].

Governments are encouraged to implement policies that promote healthy lifestyles and reduce risk factors. This includes taxation on tobacco and sugary beverages, regulations on food labeling, and urban planning that encourages physical activity.Public awareness campaigns and educational programs play a vital role in changing behaviors and reducing risk factors. Efforts focus on promoting healthy diets, regular physical activity, and the dangers of tobacco and alcohol use [10].

conclusion

The rise of non-communicable diseases poses a significant challenge to global health and development. Understanding the statistical trends and underlying risk factors is essential in formulating effective strategies to combat this epidemic. Through concerted efforts at local, national, and international levels, it is possible to mitigate the impact of NCDs and improve health outcomes for future generations

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