Journal of Diabetology

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Opinion Article - Journal of Diabetology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 3

Taking control of diabetes: oral medications for better blood sugar control

Zamrotul zah*

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

Corresponding Author:
Zamrotul Zah
Department of Pharmacy Practice
Faculty of Pharmacy
Universitas Airlangga
Surabaya, Indonesia
E-mail: zah.1izzah@ff.unair.ac.id

Received: 11-Apr-2023, Manuscript No. AADY-23-105701; Editor assigned: 13-Apr-2023, PreQC No. AADY-23-105701(PQ); Reviewed: 27-Apr-2023, QC No. AADY-23-105701; Revised: 02-May-2023, Manuscript No: AADY-23-105701(R); Published: 08-May-2023, DOI:10.35841/aady-7.3.141

Citation: Zah Z. Taking control of diabetes: Oral medications for better blood sugar control, J Diabetol. 2023; 7(3):141

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Introduction

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, posing significant health challenges. It is characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, which, if left uncontrolled, can lead to serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, kidney problems, nerve damage, and vision loss. Managing diabetes effectively requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses lifestyle modifications, regular monitoring, and appropriate medication [1]. While lifestyle changes, including a healthy diet and regular exercise, form the cornerstone of diabetes management, oral medications have emerged as valuable tools in achieving better blood sugar control. Oral medications for diabetes are pharmaceutical drugs designed to help individuals with type 2 diabetes, and sometimes gestational diabetes, regulate their blood sugar levels. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which typically requires insulin injections, type 2 diabetes can often be initially managed through the use of oral medications alone. These medications work in various ways, addressing different aspects of the underlying mechanisms that contribute to high blood sugar levels. In this article, we will delve into the world of oral medications for diabetes and explore their role in helping individuals take control of their condition [2].

Diabetes is a widespread chronic condition characterized by elevated blood sugar levels, which can have serious health consequences if left uncontrolled. Managing diabetes effectively is crucial for individuals to prevent complications and maintain a good quality of life. While lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and regular exercise play a vital role in diabetes management, oral medications have proven to be effective tools in achieving better blood sugar control. In this article, we will explore the importance of oral medications and how they can help individuals take control of their diabetes [3].

Understanding oral medications for diabetes

Oral medications are pharmaceutical drugs designed to help individuals with type 2 diabetes regulate their blood sugar levels. Unlike type 1 diabetes, which requires insulin injections, type 2 diabetes is often initially managed with oral medications. These medications work in various ways to address the underlying causes of high blood sugar levels, such as insulin resistance, impaired insulin secretion, or excessive glucose production in the liver [4].

Types of oral medications

Several classes of oral medications are commonly prescribed for diabetes management.

Metformin: Metformin is usually the first-line medication for type 2 diabetes. It works by reducing the liver's glucose production and improving insulin sensitivity in the body.

Sulfonylureas: Sulfonylureas stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin. They have been used for many years and are available in different forms, helping to lower blood sugar levels effectively.

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs): TZDs enhance insulin sensitivity in the body's cells, allowing them to utilize insulin more effectively. They can be used alone or in combination with other medications.

Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: DPP-4 inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme responsible for breaking down incretin hormones. These hormones stimulate insulin secretion and reduce glucagon production, leading to better blood sugar

Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: SGLT2 inhibitors lower blood sugar levels by increasing glucose excretion through urine. They work independently of insulin and can be used alongside other oral medications. control.

Benefits of oral medications

Taking oral medications for diabetes offers several benefits for individuals aiming to achieve better blood sugar control.

Improved blood sugar levels: Oral medications help regulate blood sugar levels throughout the day, leading to better glycemic control and reducing the risk of hyperglycemia.

Convenient administration: Unlike insulin injections, oral medications are taken in pill form, making them more convenient and non-invasive.

Combination therapy: Oral medications can be used in combination with each other or with insulin to tailor treatment to individual needs. This approach allows for personalized and effective diabetes management.

Considerations and precautions:

While oral medications are generally safe and effective, it is essential to consider potential side effects and take precautions

Side effects: Some oral medications may have side effects such as gastrointestinal discomfort, weight gain, or hypoglycaemia. It is important to discuss these potential effects with a healthcare professional. Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, as well as periodic check-ups, is essential to assess the effectiveness of oral medications and adjust the treatment plan as needed. Individualization: Diabetes management is highly individualized, and the choice of oral medications should be based on various factors, including medical history, lifestyle, and personal preferences. Consulting with a healthcare provider is vital to determine the most appropriate treatment plan [5].

Conclusion

Taking control of diabetes through the use of oral medications is a valuable approach to achieve better blood sugar control and reduce the risk of complications. When combined with lifestyle modifications, these medications offer individuals with

References

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