Ophthalmology Case Reports

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.

Commentary - Ophthalmology Case Reports (2024) Volume 8, Issue 2

SMILE Surgery: The Latest Advancement in Laser Vision Correction

Alan Xi *

Department of Medications, University of Winnipeg, Canada

*Corresponding Author:
Alan Xi
Department of Medications, University of Winnipeg, Canada
E-mail: alan@uwinnipeg.ca

Received: 20-Apr-2024, Manuscript No. OER-24-132940; Editor assigned: 22-Apr-2024, PreQC No. OER-24-132940; Reviewed:26-Apr-2024, QC No. OER-24-132940; Revised:29-Apr-2024, Manuscript No. OER-24-132940 (R); Published:30-Apr-2024, DOI:10.35841/ aatcc -8.2.204

Citation: Xi A. SMILE Surgery: The Latest Advancement in Laser Vision Correction. Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2024; 8(2):204

Visit for more related articles at Ophthalmology Case Reports

Introduction

As we age, our eyes undergo natural changes that can affect vision and overall eye health. From presbyopia and cataracts to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma, understanding the challenges associated with aging eyes is essential for maintaining optimal vision and quality of life. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the common age-related eye conditions, risk factors, preventive measures, and lifestyle habits to help individuals preserve vision as they age [1].

Presbyopia: Presbyopia is a common age-related condition characterized by the gradual loss of near vision, typically starting around the age of 40. As the lens of the eye becomes less flexible with age, it becomes more difficult to focus on close objects, leading to difficulty reading or performing close-up tasks. Cataracts: Cataracts occur when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy or opaque, leading to blurred vision, glare, and difficulty seeing in low light. Aging is the primary risk factor for cataracts, with the condition becoming more prevalent after the age of 60 [2].

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): AMD is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, central vision. The risk of AMD increases with age, with factors such as genetics, smoking, and UV exposure contributing to the development of the disease. Glaucoma: Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases characterized by damage to the optic nerve, often associated with elevated intraocular pressure. Aging is a significant risk factor for glaucoma, particularly for individuals over the age of 60 [3].

Advancing Age: The risk of developing age-related eye conditions increases with age, with many conditions becoming more prevalent after the age of 60. Family History: Genetics play a significant role in determining an individual's risk of developing conditions such as AMD, glaucoma, and cataracts. Lifestyle Factors: Factors such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, poor diet, and lack of exercise can increase the risk of age-related eye conditions [4].

UV Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun can contribute to the development of cataracts and AMD. Regular Eye Exams: Comprehensive eye exams are essential for detecting age-related eye conditions early when treatment is most effective. Individuals over the age of 60 should undergo annual eye exams or as recommended by their eye care provider. Healthy Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can help support eye health and reduce the risk of AMD and cataracts [5].

Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of developing AMD, cataracts, and other eye conditions associated with tobacco use. UV Protection: Wearing sunglasses with UV protection and wide-brimmed hats can help protect the eyes from harmful UV radiation. Regular Exercise: Regular physical activity can help maintain overall health and reduce the risk of conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, which can contribute to vision loss [6].

Maintain a Healthy Weight: Obesity and excess weight can increase the risk of conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, which are risk factors for eye diseases like diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. Stay Hydrated: Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining eye health and preventing dry eye syndrome, a common age-related condition. Limit Screen Time: Prolonged screen time can contribute to digital eye strain and dry eye symptoms. Taking regular breaks and practicing the 20-20-20 rule (taking a 20-second break every 20 minutes to look at something 20 feet away) can help alleviate eye strain [7,8].

Practice Good Eye Hygiene: Practicing good eye hygiene, such as avoiding rubbing the eyes, washing hands frequently, and replacing contact lenses as recommended, can help prevent eye infections and irritation. Presbyopia: Treatment options for presbyopia include reading glasses, progressive lenses, bifocal or multifocal contact lenses, and refractive surgery such as LASIK or refractive lens exchange. Cataracts: Cataract surgery is the most common treatment for cataracts, involving the removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) [9].

AMD: Treatment for AMD may include medications such as anti-VEGF injections, photodynamic therapy, and lifestyle modifications to slow disease progression and preserve vision. Glaucoma: Treatment for glaucoma typically involves medications, laser therapy, or surgery to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve [10].

Conclusion

Maintaining vision health is crucial for maintaining independence and quality of life as we age. By understanding the common age-related eye conditions, risk factors, preventive measures, and treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps to preserve their vision and enjoy a lifetime of clear sight. Regular eye exams, healthy lifestyle habits, and prompt treatment of any vision changes are key components of a comprehensive approach to vision care in later years

References

  1. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group. The age-related eye disease study (AREDS): design implications AREDS report no. 1. Control Clin Trials. 1999;20(6):573.

    2. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  2. Scott AW, Bressler NM, Folkes S, et al. Public attitudes about eye and vision health. JAMA. 2016;134(10):1111-8.

    3. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  3. Hoonakker AE. Frail or not? An explorative mixed methods evaluation of a sensory-based frailty assessment toolkit.

    4. Google Scholar

  4. Killeen OJ, De Lott LB, Zhou Y, et al. Population prevalence of vision impairment in US adults 71 years and older: the national health and aging trends study. JAMA. 2023;141(2):197-204.

    5. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  5. Zambelli-Weiner A, Crews JE, Friedman DS. Disparities in adult vision health in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(6):S23-30.

    6. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  6. Laitinen A, Koskinen S, Härkänen T. A nationwide population-based survey on visual acuity, near vision, and self-reported visual function in the adult population in Finland. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(12):2227-37.

    7. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  7. Owsley C. Aging and vision. Vis Res. 2011;51(13):1610-22.

    8. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  8. Wist ER, Schrauf M, Ehrenstein WH. Dynamic vision based on motion-contrast: changes with age in adults. Exp Brain Res. 2000;134:295-300.

    9. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  9. Hudak KM, Wittenborn JS, Lamuda PA, et al. Association between social determinants of health and examination-based vision loss vs self-reported vision measures. JAMA. 2023;141(5):468-76.

    10. Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

  10. Flaxman AD, Wittenborn JS, Robalik T, et al. Prevalence of visual acuity loss or blindness in the US: a Bayesian meta-analysis. JAMA. 2021;139(7):717-23.

    11. Google Scholar

Get the App