Short Communication - Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (2023) Volume 6, Issue 2

Principles of surgical oncology: Tumour resection and beyond.

Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA

*Corresponding Author:

William Nicole
Department of Surgery
University of Nebraska Medical Center, USA
E-mail: nicole@unmc.edu

Received: 03-Apr-2023, Manuscript No.AACOCR-23-97864; Editor assigned: 06-Apr-2023, PreQC No.AACOCR-23-97864 (PQ); Reviewed: 20-Apr-2023, QC No.AACOCR-23-97864; Revised: 22-Apr-2023, Manuscript No.AACOCR-23-97864 (R); Published: 27-Apr-2023, DOI:10.35841/aacocr-6.2.138

Citation: Richard W. Principles of surgical oncology: Tumour resection and beyond. J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2023;6(2):138

Introduction

Surgical oncology plays a crucial role in the multidisciplinary management of cancer. The primary goal of surgical intervention is the complete resection of the tumour, aiming for curative intent whenever possible. This article explores the principles of surgical oncology, focusing on tumour resection and the broader aspects of surgical management in cancer care. The success of surgical oncology relies on a comprehensive preoperative assessment of the patient and the tumour. This includes evaluating the patient's general health status, assessing tumour characteristics, and determining the extent of local and distant disease. A multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons, radiologists, pathologists, and other specialists helps in formulating a tailored surgical plan. The choice of surgical technique depends on various factors such as tumour type, location, size, and stage. Traditional open surgery remains the gold standard for many cancer types, allowing direct visualization and access to the tumour. However, minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery, have gained popularity due to their advantages, including smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and improved cosmetic [1].

In some cases, a radical or extended resection may be necessary to achieve optimal tumour control. This involves removing not only the primary tumour but also adjacent structures, lymph nodes, or metastatic deposits. Radical surgeries are commonly performed in cancers such as breast, head and neck, gastrointestinal, and gynaecological malignancies, aiming to eradicate the tumour and prevent its spread [2]. Accurate margin assessment during tumour resection is crucial to ensure complete tumour removal. Intraoperative frozen section analysis helps determine the presence of tumour cells at the surgical margins, guiding the surgeon to perform additional resection if necessary. Achieving negative margins minimizes the risk of local recurrence and improves overall outcomes [3].

Lymph node involvement is a critical aspect of cancer staging and prognosis. In many cancer types, lymph node dissection is performed to evaluate the spread of cancer cells beyond the primary tumour site. The extent of lymph node dissection varies depending on the tumour type and stage, and it plays a crucial role in determining the need for adjuvant therapies. In select cases, Sentinel Lymph Node Bisopsy (SLNB) is performed to identify the first lymph node(s) to which cancer cells are likely to spread. It helps in accurately staging the tumor and assessing the need for further lymph node dissection. SLNB has revolutionized the surgical management of breast cancer and melanoma, reducing the extent of lymph node surgery while maintaining diagnostic accuracy. Surgery alone may not be sufficient for optimal cancer management. Adjuvant therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted therapy, are often administered after surgery to eliminate residual disease, target micro metastases, and reduce the risk of recurrence. Neoadjuvant therapies, given before surgery, aim to shrink tumours, increase respectability, and improve surgical outcomes [4].

Conclusion

In conclusion, the principles of surgical oncology are integral to the comprehensive management of cancer. Surgical intervention plays a crucial role in tumour resection, aiming for curative intent whenever possible. The success of surgical oncology relies on a thorough preoperative assessment, meticulous planning, and a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists. Surgical techniques for tumour resection have evolved, with minimally invasive approaches gaining popularity due to their advantages such as smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, and faster recovery. Radical and extended resections may be necessary in certain cases to achieve optimal tumour control, involving the removal of adjacent structures, lymph nodes, or metastatic deposits. Margin assessment and frozen section analysis are essential to ensure complete tumour removal and minimize the risk of local recurrence. Lymph node dissection helps in staging and determining the need for adjuvant therapies. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has revolutionized the surgical management of certain cancers, reducing the extent of lymph node surgery while maintaining diagnostic accuracy.

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