Biomedical Research

All submissions of the EM system will be redirected to Online Manuscript Submission System. Authors are requested to submit articles directly to Online Manuscript Submission System of respective journal.
Reach Us +44-7360-538437

- Biomedical Research (2016) Volume 27, Issue 1

Phytochemical composition and activity against hyperglycaemia of Malaysian propolis in diabetic rats.

Umar Zayyanu Usman, Ainul Bahiyah Abu Bakar, Mahaneem Mohamed*
Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia.
Corresponding Author: Mahaneem Mohamed, Department of Physiology School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains Malaysia 16150 Kelantan, Malaysia Email: mahaneem@usm.my
Visit for more related articles at Biomedical Research

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease associated with hyperglycaemia and loss of body weight. Brazilian propolis is shown to have hypoglycaemic effect in diabetic rats. However, the role of Malaysian propolis on food intake, body weight gain and fasting blood glucose in diabetes has yet been reported. We aimed to determine the phytochemical compounds in ethanol extract of Malaysian propolis (EEP) and its hypoglycaemic effect on diabetic rats. Thirty female rats were randomly assigned into five groups (n= 6/group): Non-DM (non-diabetes on distilled water 1 ml/day), DM (diabetes on distilled water 1 ml/day), DM+300EEP (diabetes on 300 mg/ kg/day EEP), DM+600EEP (diabetes on 600 mg/kg/day EEP) and DM+metformin (diabetes on metformin 100 mg/kg/day) groups. DM was induced by a single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) intraperitoneally and treatments were given by oral gavage for four weeks. There were 36 volatile phytochemicals compounds identified in EEP using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Total food intake and fasting blood glucose were significantly higher while body weight gain was significantly lower in DM group compared to Non-DM group. DM+600EEP group had significantly lower total food intake compared to DM group. Significantly higher body weight gain and lower fasting blood glucose were found in DM+300EEP, DM+600EEP and DM+metformin groups compared to DM group. In conclusion, the GC-MS analysis of EEP revealed 36 volatile phytochemical compounds. EEP significantly reduced fasting blood glucose level and total food intake, and increased body weight gain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats.

Keywords
Phytochemistry, Hypoglycaemia, Propolis, Diabetes

Introduction
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized with hyperglycaemia, increased thirst, polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss. Gradually it alters and virtually affects all the systems in the body leading to an increase in acute and chronic metabolic problems as well as micro and macro vascular complications [1]. There were 382 million people in the world with diabetes in 2013 and it is projected to increase up to 592 million by 2035. Its effect on the patient socio-economy, physical and medical state has become a major concern globally [2]. The healthy life styles, pre-diabetic check-up, adequate evaluation of family history of diabetes and exercise have been a major effective strategic intervention in preventing the disease progression, cardiovascular involvement and further complications [3]. Several medicine and natural products are used to treat DM whereby, some of these materials may negatively influence the diabetic symptoms. Thus, the investigation for new compounds has become necessary to come up with treatment with little or no side effects with scientific proof [4].
Bee glue known as propolis is a natural product derived from plant resins, collected by honeybees for shelter development as beehives [5]. It has a long history of medicinal use by humans [6] and has captured researchers attention as a result of its properties such as, antiviral and antifungal [7], antibacterial [8,9] anti- inflammatory [10] and antioxidant properties [11], has hepatic and pancreatic protection against oxidative stress in diabetic male rats [12] as well as improved sperm parameters [13] and protect reproductive system against aluminium chloride toxicity in male rats [14]. However, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) report shows propolis to contain at least 200 compounds with more than 100 being commonly present in all the samples in respect of any factor [15]. These include phenolic acids and esters, flavonoids (flavones, flavanones, flavonols and others), terpenes, Ã

References

  1. 1. Eschertzhuber S, Salgo B, Schmitz A, Roth W, Frotzler A, Keller CH, Gerber AC, Weiss M. Cuffed endotracheal tubes in children reduce sevoflurane and medical gas consumption and related costs. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010; 54: 855- 858.
  2. 2. Stanley TH, Kawamura R, Graves C. Effects of nitrous oxide on volume and pressure of endotracheal tube cuffs. Anesthesiology 1974; 41: 256-262.
  3. 3. Raeder JC, Borchgrevink PC, Sellevold OM. Tracheal tube cuff pressures. The effect of different gas mixtures. Anaesthesia 1985; 40: 444-447.
  4. 4. Fujiwara M, Mizoguti H, Kawaura I, Takakuwa R, Morinaga N, Yanagawa T, Chiba T, Odashiro M. A new endotracheal tube with a cuff impervious to nitrous oxide: constancy of cuff pressure and volume. Anesth Analg 1995; 81: 1084-
  5. 1086. 5. Hwang YJ, Han HS, Park HS, Park JS, Park S, Oh HS, Kim JH. Interrupting gel layer between Double cuffs prevents fluid leakage past tracheal tube cuffs. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111: 496-504.
  6. 6. Manabe M, Ookawa I, Tanaka Y, Kunazawa T. Tracheal tube cuff pressure. Anaesthesia 1987; 1: 173-177.
  7. 7. Revenas B, Lindholm CE. Pressure and volume changes in tracheal tube cuffs during anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1976; 20: 321-326.
  8. 8. Brandt L, Miller-Spath R, Moussa RG. Reduction in nitrous oxide induced endotracheal tube cuff pressure during anaesthesia with the ?Rediffusion System’. 2nd Ed. Mallinckrodt Sci Ed Booklet, Germany, Mallinckrodt, Hennet/Sie 1990.
  9. 9. Karasawa F, Okuda T, Mori T, Oshima T. Maintenance of stable cuff pressure in the BrandtTM tracheal tube during anaesthesia with nitrous oxide. Br J Anaesth 2002; 89: 271- 276.
  10. 10. Payne KA, Miller DM. The Miller tracheal tube cuff pressure control valve. Anaesthesia 1993; 48: 324-327.
  11. 11. Al-Shaikh B, Jones M, Baldwin F. Evaluation of pressure changes in a new design tracheal tube cuff, the Portex Soft Seal, during nitrous oxide anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1999; 83: 805-806.
  12. 12. Chandler M. Pressure changes in tracheal tube cuffs. Anaesthesia 1986; 41: 287-293.
  13. 13. Umezono Y, Fujita A, Toi T, Sakio H. Usefulness of tracheal tube with N2O gas-barrier cuff. Masui 1999; 48: 1250-1252.
  14. 14. Karasawa F, Mori T, Okuda T, Satoh T. Profile soft-seal cuff, a new endotracheal tube, effectively inhibits an increase in the cuff pressure through high compliance rather than low diffusion of nitrous oxide. Anesth Analg 2001; 92: 140-144.
  15. 15. ?ahino?lu H, Dilek A. Mekanik ventilasyon komplikasyonlar?: In: ?ahino?lu H eds. Yo?un Bak?m Komplikasyonlar?, Nobel T?p Kitabevleri, Turkish 2008; pp 29-37.
  16. 16. Augustyn B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia – risk factors and prevention. Crit Care Nurse 2007; 27: 32-36.
  17. 17. Davis KA. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a review. J Intensive Care Med 2006; 21: 211-226.
  18. 18. Gündo?du C. Ventilatör ba??ml? pnömoniler: In: Numano?lu N, Willke (Topçu) A eds. Güncel Bilgiler I????nda Pnömoniler, Bilimsel T?p Yay?nevi, Turkish 2000; pp 357-362.
  19. 19. Kahraman BB, Ozdemir L. The impact of abdominal massage administered to intubated and enterally fed patients on the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized controlled study. Int J Nursing Studies 2015; 52: 519-524.
Get the App