Perspective - Microbiology: Current Research (2023) Volume 7, Issue 2

Pathogenic fungi and their impact on human health and animals

Department of Microbiology, University of California, Davis, USA

*Corresponding Author:

Nianxi Singh
Department of Microbiology
University of California, Davis, USA
E-mail: singh.nianxi@ucdavis.edu

Received: 27-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. AAMCR-23-90172; Editor assigned: 02-Mar-2023, Pre QC No. AAMCR-23-90172(PQ); Reviewed: 16-Mar-2023, QC No. AAMCR-23-90172; Revised: 10-Mar-2023, Manuscript No. AAMCR-23-90172(R); Published: 28-Mar-2023, DOI: 10.35841/aamcr-7.2.139

Citation: Singh N. Pathogenic fungi and their impact on human health and animals. J Micro Curr Res. 2023;7(2):139

Abstract

Keywords

Phytopathogenic fungus, Toxin, Abiotic stress, Biological control, Application prospect.

Introduction

Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that play essential roles in various ecological and industrial processes. They are found in different habitats, including soil, water, and plants. While many fungi are beneficial, some can cause infections in humans, animals, and plants. These fungi are referred to as pathogenic fungi. Pathogenic fungi are responsible for a wide range of diseases that affect humans and animals. These diseases can be mild or severe, depending on the type of fungus and the susceptibility of the host. In this article, we will explore the different types of pathogenic fungi, the diseases they cause, and their modes of transmission [1].

Types of pathogenic fungi

There are several types of pathogenic fungi that can cause infections in humans and animals. These include:

Candida

Candida is a type of yeast that is found naturally in the human body. However, when the balance of microorganisms in the body is disrupted, candida can overgrow and cause infections. Candida infections can occur in the mouth, throat, genitals, and bloodstream. Symptoms may include white patches in the mouth or throat, vaginal itching and discharge, and fever. Treatment for candida infections typically involves antifungal medications [2].

Aspergillus

Aspergillus is a type of mold that is found in soil and decaying vegetation. It can cause a range of illnesses, from mild allergic reactions to serious systemic infections. Aspergillus infections are most common in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and chest pain. Treatment for aspergillus infections typically involves antifungal medications.

Cryptococcus

Cryptococcus is a type of yeast that is found in soil and bird droppings. It can cause a serious infection called cryptococcal meningitis, which affects the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. Cryptococcus infections are most common in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV or undergoing chemotherapy. Symptoms may include headache, fever, and stiff neck. Treatment for cryptococcal meningitis typically involves antifungal medications [3].

Histoplasma

Histoplasma is a type of fungus that is found in soil and bird droppings. It can cause a lung infection called histoplasmosis, which is most common in people who live in areas where the fungus is endemic, such as the Mississippi and Ohio River valleys. Histoplasmosis can range from mild to severe and can affect other organs in the body, such as the liver and spleen. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and fatigue. Treatment for histoplasmosis typically involves antifungal medications.

Trichophyton

Trichophyton is a genus of fungi that can cause infections in humans and animals. Trichophytosis is the name given to the infections caused by these fungi. Trichophytosis can affect different parts of the body, including the skin, hair, and nails [4].

Treatment

Treatment for pathogenic fungal infections depends on the type and severity of the infection. Superficial infections may be treated with topical antifungal creams or oral medications, while systemic infections may require intravenous antifungal therapy. Antifungal medications work by either killing the fungi or preventing them from growing and reproducing.

Prevention

Preventing fungal infections involves practicing good hygiene, avoiding sharing personal items such as towels and razors, wearing protective clothing and footwear, and avoiding exposure to contaminated soil or other environmental sources of fungal spores. Additionally, individuals with weakened immune systems should take extra precautions to avoid exposure to pathogenic fungi [5].

Conclusion

Pathogenic fungi are a group of organisms that can cause a wide range of diseases in plants, animals, and humans. These fungi can be challenging to diagnose and treat, and prevention is key to avoiding infections. If you suspect you may have a fungal infection, it is essential to seek medical attention promptly

References

1. Berg G, Zachow C, Lottmann J, et al. Impact of plant species and site on rhizosphere-associated fungi antagonistic to Verticillium dahliae Kleb. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005;71(8):4203-13.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

2. Hamel LP, Nicole MC, Duplessis S, et al. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in plant-interacting fungi: Distinct messages from conserved messengers. Plant Cell. 2012;24(4):1327-51.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

3. Jiang L, Jeong JC, Lee JS, et al. Potential of Pantoea dispersa as an effective biocontrol agent for black rot in sweet potato. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):16354.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

4. Kandasamy D, Gershenzon J, Hammerbacher A. Volatile organic compounds emitted by fungal associates of conifer bark beetles and their potential in bark beetle control. J Chem Ecol. 2016;42:952-69.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref

5. Vincent D, Rafiqi M, Job D. The multiple facets of plant–fungal interactions revealed through plant and fungal secretomics. Front Plant Sci. 2020;10:1626.

Indexed at, Google Scholar, Cross Ref