Journal of Pathology and Disease Biology

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Commentary - Journal of Pathology and Disease Biology (2023) Volume 7, Issue 1

Obesity: A growing global health concern

Tyler Obrien*

Department of bariatric healthcare, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA

*Corresponding Author:
Tyler Obrien
Department of bariatric healthcare
Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health
New York, USA
E-mail: Obr_tyl@columbia.edu

Received: 26-Jan-2023, Manuscript No. AAPDB-23-88331; Editor assigned: 27-Jan-2023, PreQC No. AAPDB-23-88331(PQ); Reviewed: 10-Feb-2023, QC No. AAPDB-23-88331; Revised: 14-Feb-2023, Manuscript No. AAPDB-23-88331(R); Published: 21-Feb-2022, DOI:10.35841/2529-8046-7.1.132

Citation: Obrien T. Obesity: A growing global health concern. J Pathol Dis Biol. 2023;7(1):132

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Obesity is a growing global health concern that affects millions of people worldwide. It is defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, and is characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat. Obesity is a complex condition that is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors [1].

Health consequences of obesity

Obesity is associated with a wide range of health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and certain types of cancer. Individuals who are obese are at an increased risk of developing heart disease, stroke, and high blood pressure, which are leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Obesity is also a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes, which is a chronic condition that affects the way the body processes sugar. In addition to its impact on cardiovascular health and diabetes, obesity is also associated with various types of cancer, including breast, colon, and endometrial cancer. The exact mechanisms by which obesity contributes to the development of cancer are not fully understood, but it is thought to be related to changes in hormone levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress [2]

Psychological consequences of obesity

Obesity can also have a significant impact on an individual's mental health and quality of life. Individuals who are obese are at an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety, and may experience social stigma and discrimination. Obesity can also affect an individual's self-esteem and body image, leading to feelings of shame, guilt, and low self-worth [3].

Economic consequences of obesity

In addition to its impact on health and well-being, obesity also has significant economic consequences. The direct costs of obesity, such as medical expenses, are substantial and are expected to continue to rise as the global population ages and the prevalence of obesity increases. The indirect costs of obesity, such as lost productivity and reduced quality of life, are also substantial and can have a significant impact on the economy [4].

Causes of obesity

The causes of obesity are complex and multifactorial, and are influenced by a variety of factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Genetics play a role in obesity by influencing the way the body processes energy and regulates body weight. Lifestyle factors, such as diet and physical activity, also play a significant role in the development of obesity. A diet high in calories, sugar, and fat, combined with a sedentary lifestyle, can contribute to weight gain and the development of obesity. Environmental factors, such as urbanization and the built environment, can also contribute to the development of obesity. Urbanization has led to changes in the way people live, work, and play, and has resulted in a decrease in physical activity and an increase in sedentary behavior. The built environment, such as the availability of fast food and lack of safe places to be physically active, can also contribute to the development of obesity [5].

Preventing and treating obesity

Preventing and treating obesity requires a multi-faceted approach that addresses the underlying causes of obesity and supports individuals in making healthy lifestyle choices. This may include dietary changes, such as reducing calorie and fat intake and increasing the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Physical activity, such as regular exercise, is also an important part of a weight management program. In addition to lifestyle modifications, various medical interventions, such as prescription medications and bariatric surgery, can be used to treat obesity. Prescription medications, such as orlistat and liraglutide, can be used to help individuals lose weight by reducing the amount of fat absorbed by the body or by suppressing appetite.

References

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